Dataset of grain yield, its components and the nitrogen and phosphorus economies of bread wheat in two contrasting plant arrangements growing in a high yield potential environment

Dataset of GY and its components, as well as nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) economies, under highly contrasting plant densities. This dataset comes from a field experiment in which two wheat cultivars - Bacanora (higher grain number and medium grain weight) and Kambara (lower grain number and higher grain weight) - were sown at two seeding rates, a low seeding rate of 44 plants m-2 with a square planting pattern (LSR) and a farmer's seeding rate of 350 plants m-2 (CON), over two growing seasons in Valdivia, Chile. Grain yield (GY) and its numerical components and grain and straw dry weight were measured, and plant height and internode height/weight were recorded. N and P concentrations in grain and straw were determined, and nutrient use efficiencies (NUE and PUE, respectively) for N and P and their components were calculated. Climatological information is also available.
Our study aimed at assessing: (i) the response of GY, biomass and harvest index of wheat under two contrasting seed rates; (ii) trade-offs among yield components in response to seed rate; and (iii) the sensitivity of grain and crop N and P content and nutrient use efficiency under conventional and low seed rates in the highyielding environment of southern Chile.
Bacanora showed fully compensated GY components, achieving the same GY under both LSR and CON treatments. On the other hand, Kambara yielded 12% more in the LSR treatment than in the CON treatment. The LSR treatment resulted in a reduction in plant height of 0.14 m (19% and 15% in Bacanora and Kambara, respectively), leading to an improved harvest index. While Bacanora showed a slight reduction in grain number under the LSR treatment, Kambara showed no significant effect. However, both varieties showed an increase in average grain weight under the LSR treatment. In addition, Bacanora showed an increase in grain N concentration and both cultivars showed an improvement in grain P concentration under the LSR treatment. In addition, both Bacanora and Kambara showed an 18% increase in P uptake and P uptake efficiency under the LSR treatment.
This dataset supports the information presented in the research article [1] “Low seed rate in square planting arrangement has neutral or positive effect on grain yield and improves grain nitrogen and phosphorus uptake in wheat” (Field Crops Research 288, 2022, 108699, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2022.108699).

本数据集收录了GY及其组成部分，以及氮（N）和磷（P）经济体系，在高度差异化的植物密度下进行研究。该数据集源自于智利瓦尔迪维亚地区进行的田间实验，实验中采用了两种小麦品种——巴卡诺拉（具有较高籽粒数量和中等籽粒重量）与卡马巴（具有较低籽粒数量和较高籽粒重量），以两种播种密度进行播种，分别为低播种密度44株/m²（采用正方形种植模式，简称LSR）与农民常用播种密度350株/m²（简称CON），在两个生长季节内进行研究。测量了籽粒产量（GY）、其数值组成部分以及籽粒和秸秆的干重，并记录了植株高度和节间高度/重量。测定了籽粒和秸秆中的N和P浓度，并计算了N和P的营养利用效率（分别为NUE和PUE）。同时，也提供了气候学信息。

本研究旨在评估：(i) 在两种对比播种密度下，小麦GY、生物量以及收获指数的响应；(ii) 对应于播种密度的产量组成部分之间的权衡；(iii) 在智利南部高产环境下，常规播种密度与低播种密度对籽粒和作物N、P含量及其营养利用效率的影响。

巴卡诺拉在LSR和CON处理下均实现了完全补偿的GY组成部分，达到了相同的GY。另一方面，卡马巴在LSR处理下的产量比CON处理下高出12%。LSR处理导致植株高度降低了0.14米（巴卡诺拉和卡马巴分别降低了19%和15%），从而提高了收获指数。尽管巴卡诺拉在LSR处理下籽粒数量略有减少，但卡马巴没有显示出显著影响。然而，两种品种在LSR处理下平均籽粒重量均有所增加。此外，巴卡诺拉在LSR处理下籽粒N浓度有所提高，而两种品种在LSR处理下籽粒P浓度均有所改善。此外，巴卡诺拉和卡马巴在LSR处理下P吸收量和P吸收效率均提高了18%。

本数据集支持了研究论文[1]中的信息：“正方形种植模式下的低播种密度对小麦籽粒产量具有中性或积极影响，并提高了小麦籽粒氮和磷的吸收”（Field Crops Research 288，2022，108699，https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2022.108699）。