Data for: The gut microbiome and the genetic predisposition are driving factors of the metabolic response to a dietary intervention – an integrative multi-omics analysis of a randomized trial in obese adults

A plant-based diet may contribute to reducing cardiometabolic risk. We conducted a 6-week, randomized, dietary intervention trial comparing the effects of two plant-based diets on lipid metabolism and the gut-brain axis. 120 obese adults (59 ± 1 years, 70 females) consumed an isoenergetic Nordic (ND) or a vegetarian diet (VD) or maintained their habitual diet (control group). At baseline and after six weeks, deep metabolic characterization was performed, including measurement of glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), postprandial lipid metabolism, genetic make-up, gut microbiome and peripheral immune system composition. ND, but not VD beneficially altered lipid metabolism, mainly in participants with a specific gut microbiome signature and a high genetic predisposition for hyperlipidemia. The special microbial signatures and the individual genetic risk have a strong impact on metabolic response to a dietary change, pointing towards a personalized nutritional approach in preventing cardiometabolic diseases.