Archival Version

This study is part of the American National Election Study (ANES), a time-series collection of national surveys fielded continuously since 1948. The American National Election Studies are designed to present data on Americans' social backgrounds, enduring political predispositions, social and political values, perceptions and evaluations of groups and candidates, opinions on questions of public policy, and participation in political life. As with all Time Series studies conducted during years of presidential elections, respondents were interviewed during the two months preceding the November election (Pre-election interview), and then re-interviewed during the two months following the election (Post-election interview). Like its predecessors, the 2016 ANES was divided between questions necessary for tracking long-term trends and questions necessary to understand the particular political moment of 2016. The study maintains and extends the ANES time-series 'core' by collecting data on Americans' basic political beliefs, allegiances, and behaviors, which are so critical to a general understanding of politics that they are monitored at every election, no matter the nature of the specific campaign or the broader setting. This 2016 ANES study features a dual-mode design with both traditional face-to-face interviewing (n=1,181) and surveys conducted on the Internet (n=3,090), and a total sample size of 4,271. In addition to content on electoral participation, voting behavior, and public opinion, the 2016 ANES Time Series Study contains questions about areas such as media exposure, cognitive style, and values and predispositions. Several items first measured on the 2012 ANES study were again asked, including "Big Five" personality traits using the Ten Item Personality Inventory (TIPI), and skin tone observations made by interviewers in the face-to-face study. For the first time, ANES has collected supplemental data directly from respondents' Facebook accounts. The post-election interview also included Module 5 from the Comparative Study of Electorial Systems (CSES), exploring themes in populism, perceptions on elites, corruption, and attitudes towards representative democracy. Face-to-face interviews were conducted by trained interviewers using computer assisted personal interviewing (CAPI) software on laptop computers. During a portion of the face-to-face interview, the respondent answered certain sensitive questions on the laptop computer directly, without the interviewer's participation (known as computer assisted self-interviewing (CASI)). Internet questionnaires could be completed anywhere the respondent had access to the Internet, on a computer or on a mobile device. Respondents were only eligible to compete the survey in the mode for which they were sampled. Demographic variables include respondent age, education level, political affiliation, race/ethnicity, marital status, and family composition.

本研究隶属于美国全国选举研究（American National Election Study, ANES），这是一套自1948年起持续开展的全国性调查时间序列数据集。美国全国选举研究旨在收集关于美国民众的社会背景、持久政治倾向、社会与政治价值观、群体及候选人认知与评价、公共政策议题观点以及政治参与行为等多维度数据。与所有总统选举年份开展的时间序列研究一致，本次研究于11月大选前两个月开展预选举访谈，并于大选后两个月开展选举后访谈。与此前各期研究一脉相承，2016年ANES的问卷分为两类：一类是用于追踪长期政治趋势的核心问题，另一类是用于解析2016年特定政治语境的专项问题。本研究延续并拓展了ANES时间序列的“核心”模块，通过收集美国民众的基础政治信念、政治效忠关系与行为数据——这类数据对于全面理解政治生态至关重要，因此无论竞选活动或整体环境有何特质，每届选举都会对其进行追踪监测。2016年ANES采用双模式调查设计，包含传统面对面访谈（有效样本量n=1,181）与互联网调查（有效样本量n=3,090），总样本量达4,271。除选举参与、投票行为与公众舆论相关内容外，2016年ANES时间序列研究还涵盖媒体接触、认知风格、价值观与政治倾向等领域的调研问题。部分首次在2012年ANES中使用的题目再次被纳入本次研究，包括使用十项人格量表（Ten Item Personality Inventory, TIPI）测量的“大五”人格特质，以及面对面访谈环节中访员对受访者肤色的观测记录。本次研究首次实现了直接从受访者Facebook账户获取补充数据。选举后访谈还纳入了选举制度比较研究（Comparative Study of Electoral Systems, CSES）的模块5，探讨民粹主义、精英认知、腐败问题以及对代议制民主的态度等主题。面对面访谈由经过专业培训的访员使用笔记本电脑上的计算机辅助个人访谈（Computer Assisted Personal Interviewing, CAPI）软件开展。在部分面对面访谈环节中，受访者可直接在笔记本电脑上作答部分敏感问题，无需访员在场（即计算机辅助自填访谈，Computer Assisted Self-Interviewing, CASI）。互联网问卷可由受访者在任何具备网络接入条件的环境中完成，支持电脑或移动设备作答。受访者仅可参与其被抽中的调查模式。本研究的人口统计学变量涵盖受访者年龄、受教育程度、政治派别、种族/族裔、婚姻状况以及家庭构成。

搜集汇总

背景与挑战

背景概述

该数据集是2016年美国国家选举研究时间序列调查，包含4,271个样本，采用双模式设计（面对面访谈和互联网调查），覆盖选前和选后访谈。数据内容涉及选民的社会背景、政治行为、公共政策意见等，并首次整合了Facebook数据，适用于研究选举动态和选民行为。