NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Japan Sea Major and Trace Element Data Over the Last 4 Million Years

Oxygen content in the deep ocean plays a vital role in biogeochemical processes and has significant impacts on the global carbon cycle. The Japan Sea is a semiclosed basin with only shallow water connection to the Western North Pacific, and its redox history has been sensitively affected by tectonic and climatic changes in the past. Studies of paleo-redox changes in the Japan Sea focused on the tectonic and orbital scales since the Pliocene remain scarce to date. Here, we present two high-resolution paleo-redox records during the last 4 Ma at IODP Sites U1425 and U1430 drilled in the Japan Sea. Our authigenic U (uranium) and U/Al records suggest remarkable changes of Japan Sea redox history from relatively oxic to periodic oxic-anoxic conditions at ∼1.7 Ma. This was mainly caused by the restricted input of North Pacific oxygen-rich water due to the uplift of northeastern Japan during late Pliocene and early Pleistocene, and opening of the Tsushima Strait and the periodic intrusion of Tsushima Warm Current following sea level change during glacial-interglacial cycles since ∼1.7 Ma. Orbital changes of Japan Sea redox history suggest the existence of a long eccentricity cycle of 400 ka associated with East Asian summer monsoon rainfall evolution throughout the last 4 Ma. Changes of the amplitude of sea level and inflow of Tsushima Warm Current combined with the East Asian monsoon evolution produced eccentricity and obliquity cycles in Japan Sea redox environment after ∼1.7 Ma, as well as a transition from relatively oxic to anoxic conditions during glacials before and after Middle Pleistocene Transition.