Table_6_Insights into the mechanisms of microbiome and metabolome changes mediated by understory interplanting mode in Polygonatum sibiricum.XLSX

BackgroundPolygonatum sibiricum is an understory economic plant, and its dried rhizome is a traditional Chinese medicine. The purpose of this study was to connect the quality improvement of the understory plant P. sibiricum with specific microorganisms.MethodsAmplicon and metabolome sequencing were conducted for P. sibiricum interplanted under three types of trees and in the field, and the relationship between the microbiome and secondary metabolism was explored.ResultsPrincipal component analysis (PCA) divided field cultivated and understory interplanted groups into two classes. A total of 95 different metabolites were found, with four expression patterns. The alpha diversity of rhizosphere bacteria and endosphere fungi in the understory interplanted group was significantly higher than that in the farmland cultivated group. There were 276 different rhizosphere microorganism genera among the four groups; however, only 33 different endosphere genera were observed, indicating that endophytic microbial diversity was relatively stable within the P. sibiricum rhizome, especially for endosphere bacteria. Cointertia analysis (CoIA) suggested that the metabolite changes in P. sibiricum induced by interplanting under different trees were more strongly affected by rhizosphere microorganisms than by endosphere microorganisms. In addition, the interactions between rhizosphere microorganisms and metabolites in the farmland group were weakened compared with those in the underplanted groups. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) showed that Aspergillus and Ellin6067 had the greatest influence on the metabolites. Myrmecridium, as a shared microbe in the rhizosphere and endosphere, had interaction effects with the largest number of microbes.ConclusionThis study revealed the interactions between the microbes and metabolites in P. sibiricum and systematically explored the mechanism underlying their correlation, which was mediated by the understory interplanting mode. This study provides feasible strategies for improving the medicinal value of P. sibiricum by regulating microorganisms.

背景：Polygonatum sibiricum 为林下经济植物，其干燥的块茎为传统中药材。本研究旨在将林下植物 Polygonatum sibiricum 的品质提升与特定微生物联系起来。方法：对种植于三种不同树木下以及田间条件下的 Polygonatum sibiricum 进行了扩增子测序和代谢组测序，探究了微生物组与次生代谢之间的关系。结果：主成分分析（PCA）将田间栽培组和林下间作组划分为两类。共发现95种不同的代谢物，存在四种表达模式。林下间作组根围细菌和内生真菌的α多样性显著高于农田栽培组。四个组别中共有276种不同的根围微生物属；然而，仅观察到33种不同的内生微生物属，表明Polygonatum sibiricum 块茎内生微生物多样性相对稳定，尤其是内生细菌。共线性分析（CoIA）表明，Polygonatum sibiricum 在不同树木下间作引起的代谢物变化受到根围微生物的影响大于内生微生物。此外，与间作组相比，农田组中根围微生物与代谢物之间的相互作用减弱。典范对应分析（CCA）显示，Aspergillus 和 Ellin6067 对代谢物的影响最大。Myrmecridium 作为根围和内生共有的微生物，与最多数量的微生物具有相互作用。结论：本研究揭示了 Polygonatum sibiricum 中微生物与代谢物之间的相互作用，并系统地探讨了其相关性背后的机制，该机制通过林下间作模式介导。本研究为通过调节微生物来提高 Polygonatum sibiricum 的药用价值提供了可行的策略。