MATHEMATICS ACHIEVEMENT IN PALESTINE: HOW PARENTAL ATTITUDES SHAPE OUTCOMES VIA INVOLVEMENT

MATHEMATICS ACHIEVEMENT IN PALESTINE: HOW PARENTAL ATTITUDES SHAPE OUTCOMES VIA INVOLVEMENTAbstract: Objectives: This study examined the mediating role of parental involvement in mathematics education, focusing on how parents' attitudes toward mathematics influence their children’s achievement in Palestinian public schools. Methods: A sequential mixed-methods design was employed, including qualitative interviews with 14 parents and a quantitative survey of 188 parents of eighth-grade students. Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) analysed the relationships between parental attitudes toward mathematics (PATM), parental involvement styles in children's mathematics education (PICEM), and children’s mathematics achievement (CMA). Results: PICEM significantly mediated the relationship between PATM and CMA. PATM reduced negative involvement styles such as excessive interference/over-participation (β = -.27, p