Mouse and human share conserved transcriptional programs for interneuron development

Genetic variation confers susceptibility to neurodevelopmental disorders by affecting the development of specific cell types. Changes in cortical and striatal ɣ-aminobutyric acid-expressing (GABAergic) neurons are common in autism and schizophrenia. Here we used single-cell RNA sequencing to characterize the emergence of cell diversity in the human ganglionic eminences, the transitory structures of the human fetal brain where striatal and cortical GABAergic neurons are generated. We identified regional and temporal diversity among progenitor cells underlying the generation of a variety of projection neurons and interneurons. We found that these cells are specified within the human ganglionic eminences by gene regulatory networks similar to those previously identified in rodents. Our findings reveal an evolutionarly conserved regulatory logic controlling the specification, migration, and differentiation of GABAergic neurons in the human telencephalon. The human ganglionic eminences at GW09, GW11, GW12, GW13, GW16 and GW18 were dissociated for single-cell RNA-seq (10x Genomics Chromium)