Kinematic data for the Concurrent repeatability and reproducibility analysis of four gait models for foot-ankle complex

Multi-segment
models of the foot have been proposed in the past years to overcome limitations
imposed by oversimplified traditional approaches used to describe foot
kinematics, but they have been only partially validated and never compared. This
paper presents a unique comparative assessment of the four most widely adopted
foot kinematic models and aims to provide a guidance for the clinical
interpretation of their results.

Sensitivity of the models to
differences between treadmill and overground walking was tested in nine young
healthy adults using a 1D paired t-test.
Repeatability was assessed by investigating the joint kinematics obtained when
the same operator placed the markers on thirteen young healthy adults in two
occasions.  Reproducibility was then assessed
using data from three randomly selected participants, asking three operators to
repeat the marker placement three times. The analyses were performed on
sagittal kinematics using curve similarity and correlation indices (Linear Fit
Method) and absolute differences between selected points.

Differences between treadmill and overground gait were highlighted
by all the investigated models. The two most repeatable and reproducible
investigated models had average correlations higher than 0.70, with the lowest
values (0.56) obtained for the midfoot. Averaged correlations were always
higher than 0.74 for the former and 0.70 for the latter, with the lowest
obtained for the midfoot (0.64 and 0.51). For all investigated models, foot kinematics
generally showed low repeatability: normative bands must be adopted with
caution when used for comparison with patient data.

近年来，为克服描述足部运动学时传统方法过度简化的局限性，提出了多种多段式足部模型，但它们仅部分得到验证且从未进行过比较。本文提出对四种最广泛采用的足部运动学模型进行独特的比较评估，旨在为这些模型结果的临床解读提供指导。通过在九位年轻健康成人中运用一维配对t检验，测试了模型对跑步机和地面行走差异的敏感性。通过研究同一操作者在两次不同场合将标记放置在十三位年轻健康成人身上的关节运动学，评估了可重复性。然后，通过使用三位随机选择参与者的数据，要求三位操作者重复进行三次标记放置，来评估可再现性。分析是在矢状面运动学上进行的，使用曲线相似性和相关指数（线性拟合方法）以及所选点的绝对差异。所有研究模型均突出了跑步机和地面步态之间的差异。其中两个最可重复和最可再现的研究模型，其平均相关性均高于0.70，中足部的最低值为0.56。平均相关性始终高于0.74（前者）和0.70（后者），中足部的最低值分别为0.64和0.51。对于所有研究模型，足部运动学的可重复性普遍较低：在用于与患者数据进行比较时，必须谨慎采用标准化范围。