Correlations among explanatory variables, Pearson correlation coefficients (except for flower colour: Student’s t) and levels of significance are given with *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 and ***p < 0.001.

Species richness = SR, herbivores = H. Number and biomass of flowers refer to plot level (N = 42 plots), while number and biomass of leaves and fruits and species richness of herbivores refer to five plant individuals per plot (N = 84 plots). Number and biomass of flowers, fruits and leaves were log-transformed, species richness of leaf herbivores was sqrt-transformed. Empty cells refer to combinations of variables which were not tested.
Correlations among explanatory variables, Pearson correlation coefficients (except for flower colour: Student’s t) and levels of significance are given with *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 and ***p < 0.001.