Unadjusted & Adjusted Risk of Kidney Failure in Chinese Men and Women by Smoking Status.

Never smoker was defined as those who have not ever smoked at least one cigarette a day for 1 year or longer.Ever smoker was defined as those who have ever smoked at least one cigarette a day for 1 year or longer.*Model adjusted for age, body mass index, dialect (Hokkein, Cantonese), education level, history of physician diagnosed hypertension, diabetes, known heart disease or stroke, alcohol use and intake of ginseng.