Black Soil Layer Thickness Dataset of NE China

Black soil layer thickness (BSLT) is a basic attribute of black soil and also an important indicator reflecting the quality condition and degradation degree of black soil. It is important to carry out the research on spatial prediction of BSLT to support the black soil conservation project and guarantee food security in China. In this paper, with reference to the diagnostic characteristics of BSLT in soil system classification, the organic carbon content higher than 6g/kg of soil-forming parent material is taken as the judgment criterion of BSLT, and the calculation formula of BSLT is derived by using the exponential distribution function of organic carbon in vertical direction. Meanwhile, based on the organic carbon data of 62,896 surface soils and 15,687 deep soils obtained from the multi-purpose regional geochemical survey, the spatial prediction of the thickness of BSLT in Songliao Plain was carried out, and its relationship with soil type and climate was analyzed. The results showed that the BSLT in Songliao Plain ranged from 0-165 cm, with a median of 23.33 cm. The spatial distribution of black soil layer was extremely uneven, with an overall distribution characteristic of thin in the southwest and thick in the northeast. The black soil layer of swampy soil and peat soil is the largest in 60-80cm, followed by black soil with an average thickness of 56cm, and the average thickness of black soil layer of white pulp soil and meadow soil is between 40-50cm. The spatial distribution of black soil layer thickness is closely related to climatic conditions, mainly showing a significant negative correlation with temperature and a positive correlation with rainfall.