Population Census 1996 - South Africa

Abstract
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Every person, household and institution present in South Africa on Census Night, 9-10 October 1996, should have been enumerated in Census '96. The intent was to provide a count of all persons present within the territory of the Republic of South Africa at that time. More specifically, the purpose of this census was to collect, process and disseminate detailed statistics on population size, composition and distribution at a small area level. The 1996 South African population Census contains data collected on HOUSEHOLDS and INSTITUTIONS: dwellling type, home ownership, household assets, access to services and energy sources; INDIVIDUALS: age, population group, language, religion, citizenship, migration, fertility, mortality and disability; and economic characteristics of individuals, including employment activities and unemployment.

Geographic coverage
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The South African Census 1996 has national coverage.

Analysis unit
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The units of analysis for the South Africa Census 1996 were households, individuals and institutions

Universe
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The South African Census 1996 covered every person present in South Africa on Census Night, 9-10 October 1996 (except foreign diplomats and their families).

Kind of data
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Census/enumeration data [cen]

Sampling procedure
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The data in the South African Census 1996 data file is a 10% unit level sample drawn from Census 1996 as follows:

1) Households:
• A 10% sample of all households (excluding special institutions and hostels)

2) Persons:
• A 10% sample of all persons as enumerated in the 1996 Population Census in South Africa

The census household records were explicitly stratified according to province and district council. Within each district council the records were further implicitly stratified by local authority. Within each implicit stratum the household records were ordered according to the unique seven-digit census enumerator area number, of which the first three digits are the (old) magisterial district number.

Mode of data collection
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Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument
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Different methods of enumeration were used to accommodate different situations and a variety of questionnaires were used. The information collected with each questionnaire differed slightly.
The questionnaires used were as follows:

Questionnaire 1: (Household and personal questionnaire)
This questionnaire was used in private households and within hostels which provided family accommodation. It contained 50 questions for each person and 15 for each household. Every household living in a private dwelling should have been enumerated on a household questionnaire. This questionnaire obtained information about the household and about each person who was present in the household on census night.

Questionnaire 2: (Summary book for hostels)
This questionnaire was used to list all persons/households in the hostel and included 9 questions about the hostel. A summary book for hostels should have been completed for each hostel (that is, a compound for workers provided by mines, other employers, municipalities or local authorities). This questionnaire obtained information about the hostel and also listed all household and/or persons enumerated in the hostel. Some hostels contain people living in family groups. Where people were living as a household in a hostel, they were enumerated as such on a household questionnaire (which obtained information about the household and about each person who was present in the household on Census Night). On the final census file, they will be listed as for any other household and not as part of a hostel. Generally, hostels accommodate mostly individual workers. In these situations, persons were enumerated on separate personal questionnaires. These questionnaires obtained the same information on each person as would have been obtained on the household questionnaire. The persons will appear on the census file as part of a hostel. Some hostels were enumerated as special institutions and not on the questionnaires designed specifically for hostels.

Questionnaire 3: (Enumerator's book for special enumeration)
This questionnaire was used to obtain very basic information for individuals within institutions such as hotels, prisons, hospitals etc. as well as for homeless persons. Only 6 questions were asked of these people. The questionnaire also included 9 questions about the institution. An enumerator's book for special enumeration should have been completed for each institution such as prisons and hospitals. This questionnaire obtained information on the institution and listed all persons present. Each person was asked a brief sub-set of questions - just 7 compared to around 50 on the household and personal questionnaires. People in institutions could not be enumerated as households. Homeless persons were enumerated during a sweep on census night using a special questionnaire. The results were later transcribed to standard enumerator's books for special enumeration to facilitate coding and data entry.

Response rate
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The final calculation of the undercount of persons, based on analysis of a post-enumeration survey (PES) conducted shortly after the original census, was performed by Statistics South Africa. The estimated reponse rates are detailed below, both according to stratum and for the country as a whole. An estimated 10,7% of the people in South Africa, through the course of the census process, were not enumerated. For more information on the undercount and PES, see the publication, "Calculating the Undercount in Census '96", Statistics South Africa Report No. 03-01-18 (1996) which is included in the external documents section.

Undercount of persons by province (stratum, in %):

Western Cape 8,69
Eastern Cape 10,57
Northern Cape 15,59
Free State 8,75
KwaZulu-Natal 12,81
North West 9,37
Gauteng 9,99
Mpumalanga 10,09
Northern Province 11,28

South Africa 10,69

摘要
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在1996年10月9日至10日的南非人口普查之夜，所有在南非的每个人、家庭和机构均应在普查'96中被登记。其目的是提供当时在南非领土上所有人员的计数。更具体地说，此次普查的目的是收集、处理和传播关于人口规模、构成和在小区域层面的分布的详细统计数据。1996年南非人口普查包含了关于家庭和机构的以下数据：居住类型、房屋所有权、家庭资产、服务获取和能源来源；个人：年龄、人口群体、语言、宗教、国籍、移民、生育、死亡和残疾；以及个人的经济特征，包括就业活动和失业状况。
地理覆盖范围
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1996年南非人口普查具有全国覆盖范围。
分析单元
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南非1996年人口普查的分析单元为家庭、个人和机构。
总体
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南非1996年人口普查涵盖了1996年10月9日至10日在南非的每一个人（除外交官及其家属外）。
数据类型
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普查/登记数据 [cen]
抽样程序
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南非1996年人口普查数据文件中的数据是从普查1996中抽取的10%单元级样本，具体如下：

1) 家庭：
• 所有家庭（不包括特殊机构和宿舍）的10%样本

2) 个人：
• 1996年南非人口普查中登记的所有个人的10%样本
普查家庭记录被明确地根据省份和地区议会进行分层。在每个地区议会的内部，记录进一步根据地方当局进行隐式分层。在每个隐式层中，家庭记录根据唯一的七位数字普查调查员区域编号进行排序，其中前三位数字是（旧的）司法管辖区编号。
数据收集方式
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面对面 [f2f]
研究工具
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使用不同的登记方法来适应不同的情况，并使用了各种问卷。每个问卷收集的信息略有不同。
使用的问卷如下：

问卷1：（家庭和个人问卷）
此问卷用于私人家庭和提供家庭住宿的宿舍。每个个人包含50个问题，每个家庭包含15个问题。每个居住在私人住宅的家庭都应在家庭问卷上登记。此问卷获得了关于家庭和关于在普查之夜在家庭中的人的信息。
问卷2：（宿舍摘要问卷）
此问卷用于列出宿舍中的所有个人/家庭，并包含关于宿舍的9个问题。每个宿舍应完成一份宿舍摘要问卷（即由矿山、其他雇主、市政府或地方当局提供的工人住宿综合体）。此问卷获得了关于宿舍和列出宿舍中登记的所有家庭和/或个人的信息。一些宿舍包含以家庭群体生活的个人。在这些情况下，以家庭为单位在家庭问卷上登记（该问卷获得了关于家庭和关于在普查之夜在家庭中的人的信息）。在最终的普查文件中，他们将被列为任何其他家庭，而不是作为宿舍的一部分。通常，宿舍主要容纳单个工人。在这些情况下，个人将使用单独的个人问卷进行登记。这些问卷为每个人提供了与家庭问卷相同的信息。个人将作为宿舍的一部分出现在普查文件中。一些宿舍被登记为特殊机构，而不是专门为宿舍设计的问卷。
问卷3：（特殊登记调查员手册）
此问卷用于获取机构（如酒店、监狱、医院等）内个人的非常基本信息，以及无家可归的人的信息。这些人员只被问了6个问题。问卷还包括关于机构的9个问题。每个机构（如监狱和医院）应完成一份特殊登记调查员手册。此问卷获得了关于机构的信息并列出了所有在场的人员。每个人被问了一个简短的子集问题——与家庭和个人问卷上的大约50个问题相比，只有7个问题。机构中的人不能作为家庭进行登记。无家可归的人在普查之夜的清扫过程中使用特殊问卷进行登记。结果后来被转录到标准特殊登记调查员手册中，以方便编码和数据输入。
响应率
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基于在原始普查后不久进行的后普查调查（PES）的分析，对人员漏登的最终计算由南非统计局执行。以下详细列出了根据层和整个国家的估计响应率。估计有10.7%的南非人在普查过程中未被登记。有关漏登和PES的更多信息，请参阅“计算普查'96的漏登”，南非统计局报告No. 03-01-18（1996），该报告包含在外部文件部分。
按省份（层，%）的人员漏登：

西开普省 8.69
东开普省 10.57
北开普省 15.59
自由州 8.75
克瓦祖鲁-纳塔尔省 12.81
北西省 9.37
贵兹省 9.99
毛姆兰加省 10.09
北部省 11.28

南非 10.69