Data from: Are tree plantations promoting homogenization of mammal assemblages between regions with contrasting environments?

We conducted camera-trap (Reconyx HC500) surveys in two contrasting ecoregions ("Region"): in the Upper Paraná Atlantic Forest ecoregion ("Atlantic Forest" in the dataset), and in the Southern Cone Mesopotamian Savannas and the Iberá marshes ("Mesopotamian Savannas" in the dataset). In the Atlantic Forest, we randomly distributed 184 camera-trap stations (with a minimum distance of 2 km between stations) in three main environments: continuous forest, fragmented forest, and tree plantations (Iezzi et al., 2018). Continuous forest stations (53 camera-trap stations) were located in the largest continuous native forest block (~370,000 ha), surrounded in a 2-km radius by more than 75% of forest cover. Fragmented forest stations (69 stations) were in forest remnants with varying degrees of anthropogenic disturbance, outside the continuous forest (Iezzi et al., 2019). Stations in tree plantations (62 stations) were located in 4- to 14-year-old pine plantation stands. The cameras were active between May 2013 and December 2014 for an average of 49.8 days (range: 12 - 123 days), totaling 9,171.8 camera days of effort. In the Mesopotamian Savannas, we deployed 234 camera-trap stations, at least 2 km apart, in three environments: native grassland (89 camera-trap stations), fragmented forest (54 stations), and tree plantations (91 stations; Iezzi et al., 2020). Stations in tree plantations were immersed in 1- to 30-year-old pine plantation stands. Approximately half of the stations within each environment were located in fields with cattle (N=107; Di Bitetti et al., 2020). Cameras were active between May 2016 and March 2017, with a mean effort of 44.9 days (range: 21 - 67 days) per station, totaling 10,493.9 camera-trap days. Stations were not baited and were located off-road, attached to a tree trunk or stake at 25-50 cm above ground level. More than 1 h had to pass for successive pictures of a species to be considered independent records. Records of small (<200 g) sigmodontine rodents were categorized as “sigmodontines” since it was difficult to identify them at species level. We excluded the records of domestic exotic mammals and 328 records that were impossible to identify at species level. Those sites with no records (9 stations) were excluded from the dataset. For each species, we report the relative frequency of records at each station (# of independent records / # of camera-trap days).