Association between aMCI and disability (WHODAS-12), and the association between aMCI and neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPI–Q; depression, anxiety, apathy, and irritability).

Association between aMCI and disability is measured by exponentiated coefficients from a zero inflated binomial model and representing the increase in disability of aMCI participants compared to normal. Zero inflation fitted using age, gender, educational level, number of household assets, depression, arthritis, visual problems, hearing problems, cough and breathing problems, heart problems, gastrointestinal problems, fainting, limb and skin problems, hypertension and stroke. The association between aMCI and neuropsychiatric symptomsis measured by the risk ratio from a regression using a Poisson working model and model robust standard errors, and representing the risk for having the symptom in aMCI participants compared to normal.aAdjusted for age, gender, and educational level, number of household assets and of physical limiting impairments, psychosis, and stroke.bDepression and irritability were additionally adjusted for pain. The four NPI–Q symptoms are all associated but in the four models presented in the table we have not adjusted each of them for the other three.cChina was not adjusted for psychosisdThe pooled fixed-effect model meta-analytical estimate for depression and anxiety were done without China.NC, not calculable due to zero cell sizes.