Osmia lignaria larval development response to heatwave treatments

Heatwaves are expected to increase in frequency, intensity, and duration due to climate change. For organisms like insects with discrete development, sensitivity may differ among life stages. Thermal sensitivity is of particular concern for species like bees that provide critical ecosystem services. Although social bees moderate nest temperatures through worker behavior, solitary bees do not thermoregulate their nests, making immobile developing offspring especially vulnerable to such extreme events.
We studied the effects of heatwaves on larval development in the solitary bee, Osmia lignaria, an important orchard pollinator and model species for solitary bee biology. We used a factorial design to assess the impacts of heatwave temperature and duration on larval mortality and development rate. Larvae were exposed to heatwaves under realistic diel temperature regimes, with daytime maxima of 31˚C or 37˚C for four or seven days at the beginning of development.
Heatwave temperature strongly..., Data was collected by scoring larval development stage and mortality, after bees cocooned we weighed bees until emergence. Emergence date was also recorded. , , # Heatwaves increase larval mortality and delay development of a solitary bee

[https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.kkwh70sb7](https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.kkwh70sb7)

## Authors: Grace G. Melone, Clara Stuligross, and Neal M. Williams. University of California, Davis

## Description of the data and file structure

See methodology in associated manuscript.

**heatwave_nov.csv**:

NestNumber: individual nest which contained multiple bees

BeeID: individually marked bee

Treatment: integer value 1-5 indicating heatwave treatment:

1. Control
2. Low temperature, Short duration
3. Low temperature, Long duration
4. High temperature, Short duration
5. High temperature, Long duration

DurationX: integer value 4 or 7, indicating short or long heatwave duration

TemperatureX: integer value 25, 33, or 37, indicating control, low temperature heatwave, and high temperature heatwave temperatures, respectively. While temperature is marked as 33 in the data, the true temperature as indicated by temper...