U.S. Underground Coal Mine Methane Emissions: Airborne Observations and EPA GHGRP Comparison

Methane emission quantifications from U.S. underground coal mines derived from airborne imaging spectrometer observations (CarbonMapper), with U.S. EPA Greenhouse Gas Reporting Program (GHGRP) Subpart FF reported emissions for comparison. Data are provided at the individual shaft/vent level and aggregated to the mine level, 2020 onwards. Data from: Penn, E., D.H. Cusworth., Bon, D., K. Howell, K. O'Neill, T. Scarpelli, Z. Chen, R.A. Field, C.O. Karacan, E. Roy, D.J. Jacob \"Remote sensing enables basin-scale inventories of coal mine methane\" In review at Environmental Science & Technology, 2026 Files GHGRP_CM_mine_level_comparison.csv Mine-level quarterly emissions, CarbonMapper vs EPA GHGRP from Penn et al. 2026. All emission values in kg/hr. Only CarbonMapper-observed mines included. facility_id: EPA GHGRP facility identifier facility_name: Mine name (EPA GHGRP) year, quarter: Calendar year and quarter (1–4) vent_emission_auto: CarbonMapper ventilation shaft emission rate (kg/hr), mean across observation days, summed across shafts vent_emission_uncertainty_auto: 1σ uncertainty on above (kg/hr) vent_vent_id: Number of ventilation shafts observed by CarbonMapper well_emission_auto: CarbonMapper gob well emission rate (kg/hr), same aggregation well_emission_uncertainty_auto: 1σ uncertainty on above (kg/hr) well_vent_id: Number of gob wells observed total_emission_auto: CarbonMapper total (vent + well) emission rate (kg/hr) total_emission_uncertainty_auto: 1σ uncertainty on total (kg/hr) total_observed: Total shaft/well observation-days in quarter num_of_shafts: Active ventilation shafts reported to EPA GHGRP qtr_meth_liber_vent_calc: EPA ventilation methane liberated (kg/hr, converted from metric tons/quarter) qtr_meth_liber_degas_calc: EPA degasification methane liberated (kg/hr) qtr_meth_dest_trns_offste_calc: EPA methane destroyed/transferred offsite (kg/hr) net_well_emis: EPA net gob well emissions = degas liberated minus destroyed offsite, floored at 0 (kg/hr) qtr_fac_total_qrtly_netch4emis: EPA facility net quarterly CH₄ emissions (kg/hr) sufficient_coverage: True if CarbonMapper observed ≥75% of EPA-reported shafts CM_plumes_with_mine.csv Individual plume observations by shaft/vent, linked to parent mine. Identical to Data_S1 in Penn et al., 2026 with the addition of a \"mine\" column and a \"vent type\" column. vent_id: Shaft/well identifier (joins to infrastructure.csv) scene_id: Imaging spectrometer scene identifier (encodes instrument, date, flight line) plume_label: Label for multiple plumes at same vent in one scene (A, B, etc.) plume_latitude, plume_longitude: Plume center coordinates (degrees) emission_auto: Emission rate (kg/hr). CarbonMapper radial fetch quantification with MAD uncertainty. emission_uncertainty_auto: 1σ uncertainty (kg/hr) qc_qc: QC flag — \"pass\", \"hide\" (excluded), or blank mine: Parent mine name vent_type: \"Ventilation Shaft\" or \"Well\" (gob well) infrastructure.csv Shaft/well locations and types. Identical to Data_S2.xlsx in Penn et al., 2026 vent_id: Shaft/well identifier mine: Parent mine name vent_type: \"Ventilation Shaft\" or \"Well\" (gob well) lat, lon: Coordinates (degrees) Sources: CarbonMapper airborne observations from GAO and AVIRIS-NG imaging spectrometers. EPA GHGRP Subpart FF data from EPA Envirofacts and mirrored at https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/LZIXTX. CarbonMapper shafts cannot be mapped to specific EPA monitoring points; comparison is at the mine level only. Github for code: https://github.com/pennelise/coal-public