Prospects for Small-Scale Aquaculture in Chile: User Rights and Locations

The data covers the socioeconomically and bio geographically diverse Los Lagos region in southern Chile. This region is characterized by economic activities based on natural resources, in-cluding cattle raising/livestock farming, forestry, aquaculture (especially salmon production and mussel growing), and seafood extraction. Before collecting the data, we conducted personal semi-structured interviews with key stakeholders, including leaders of artisanal fishers organizations, organizational leaders from fisher villages, government officials working in fisheries and aquaculture regulatory agencies (central and regional level), artisanal fishers, and members of coastal communities who perform marine economic activities. Rather than abandoning fishing to become aquaculture producers, interviewed stakeholders describe a gradual process in which fishers take on additional activities to address the observed decline in wild fisheries profitability. These interviews identified three central characteristics of the households and setting that informed our data collection and empirical approach: user rights, heterogeneous biogeographic zones, and low propensity to move. Armed with stakeholder information about the region’s population and aquaculture, we developed a purpose-specific household survey. We administered the field survey to a sample of households from coastal communities located across the ecologically and socioeconomically diverse Los Lagos region in southern Chile. The sample was selected by a two-step procedure. In the first step, we selected villages/coastal communities, and in the second step we chose households in these locations. The selection of villages/coastal communities followed an intentional selection procedure that chose the locations proportional to the total number of artisanal fishermen, which generates a representative village sample of the total fishermen in the selected area. The household selection procedure in each village consisted of contacting a local leader (i.e., president of a local union) to obtain basic information that allowed the enumerators to identify households within a resource rights holder group to be surveyed. Using a snowball approach, other households in the village were chosen using information from previously interviewed households about households both in and out of that resource rights holder organization. We implemented the survey with members of 316 households from 73 fishing villages and 8 municipalities.The household survey collects household socio demographic information; economic and live-lihood activities and income sources for each household member; the intensity of marine economic activities undertaken for each month of the last year; the household productive assets for marine activities; and motivations for the household’s choices of marine activities. To address the importance of user rights to activity choices, we asked about the organizations to which each household member belongs. To generate household-level information about biogeographic zones,we also asked about respondents’ perceptions of the biogeographic conditions under which the household selects and carries out its marine economic activities.本数据集涵盖智利南部兼具社会经济与生物地理多样性的洛斯拉格斯（Los Lagos）地区。该地区以依托自然资源的经济活动为典型特征，涵盖畜牧养殖、林业、水产养殖业(aquaculture)（尤以三文鱼养殖和贻贝培育为代表）以及海产品捕捞。 在开展数据采集工作前，我们对核心利益相关方开展了个人半结构化访谈，受访对象包括手工渔业组织负责人、渔村组织领袖、渔业与水产养殖监管机构（中央及地方层级）的政府官员、手工渔民以及从事海洋经济活动的沿海社区居民。受访的利益相关方并未提及放弃渔业转而投身水产养殖的情况，而是表示渔民正通过逐步拓展副业的方式，应对野生渔业收益下滑的现状。 本次访谈明确了三类核心的家庭与区域特征，这些特征为本次数据采集与实证研究方法的设计提供了依据：资源使用权、异质性生物地理区域，以及极低的人口流动性。 基于从利益相关方处获取的该地区人口与水产养殖相关信息，我们设计了针对性的家庭调查问卷，并面向智利南部兼具生态与社会经济多样性的洛斯拉格斯地区沿海社区的家庭样本开展了实地调研。 本次样本采用两步法选取：第一步筛选渔村/沿海社区，第二步从选定区域中抽取家庭。渔村/沿海社区的选取采用目的性抽样原则，选取比例与手工渔民总人数挂钩，由此确保所抽取的村庄样本能够代表选定区域内的全体渔民。每个村庄的家庭选取流程为：首先联系当地负责人（即地方工会主席）获取基础信息，以便调查人员确定需要受访的资源使用权持有者群体内的家庭；随后采用滚雪球抽样法，通过已受访家庭提供的信息，选取该资源使用权组织内外的其他受访家庭。本次调研共覆盖73个渔村、8个市镇的316户家庭的受访成员。 本次家庭调查问卷采集的信息包括：家庭社会人口学特征、各家庭成员的经济与生计活动及收入来源、过去12个月每月的海洋经济活动强度、家庭开展海洋活动的生产性资产情况，以及家庭选择海洋经济活动的动机。为探究资源使用权对活动选择的影响，我们调研了各家庭成员所属的组织；为获取家庭层面的生物地理区域相关信息，我们还询问了受访者对于家庭开展海洋经济活动时所依托的生物地理环境的认知情况。