Acute lymphocytic leukemia associated with toxoplasmosis: case report

ABSTRACT Rare clinical case of acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) associated with toxoplasmosis affecting a 23-year-old male patient with progressive dyspnea. Chest computed tomography revealed expansive lesions indicating right supraclavicular fossa lymph node enlargement and right pleural effusion. Toxoplasmosis serology was performed: positive for immunoglobulin G [(IgG) 180.6] and positive for immunoglobulin M [(IgM) 0.98]. Therefore, treatment for the infection was initiated and immunohistochemistry of left cervical lymph node revealed ALL. Consequently, chemotherapy treatment was introduced at an oncology center. The diagnosis of toxoplasmosis allowed treatment to be administered, preventing the worsening of the condition caused by chemotherapy-induced immunosuppression.