Ghana Agricultural Production Survey (Minor Season) 2013 - Ghana

Abstract
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The objective of the GAPS is to strengthen the Multi-Round Annual Crop and Livestock Surveys (MRACLS) that the ministry implements through SRID. The MRACLS is the national agricultural survey on the basis of which SRID releases information on agricultural production and yields of important crops. The ultimate goal of GAPS is to provide more accurate and timely agricultural production estimates at the district, regional, and national levels. The survey is also to offer an opportunity for SRID to experiment with a number of potential improvements with a view to developing the required skills and competencies before scaling up, over time, to all the districts in the country.

As part of the terms of implementing GAPS, MoFA agreed to assign four Agriculture Extension Agents (AEAs) per district for data collection. The Agents were relieved from all extension duties. To distinguish these field data collection officers from other extension agents, they were referred to as District Agricultural Statistical Assistants (DASAs). One officer per district was designated as a District Management Information System (MIS) officer and was given additional responsibility as field supervisor and referred to as District Agricultural Statistical Officer (DASO). A total of 100 DASAs and DASOs were successfully trained and deployed to their districts for GAPS implementation and given the task of collecting and processing datafrom the field.

Geographic coverage
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National Level Regions Districts

Analysis unit
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Household

Universe
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Agricultural household and holder

Kind of data
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Census/enumeration data [cen]

Sampling procedure
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The GAPS employed a three stage multi-sampling design in response to the Government of Ghana's requirement for reliable agricultural statistics at the national, regional and district levels.

· First Stage Sampling- Selection of 2 Districts from each of the 10 Regions.
A total of 20 districts, 2 from each of the 10 regions were randomly selected with probability proportional to size, using districts' population in year 2000 as a measure of size.1. Eleven Metropolitan and Municipal Assemblies (Kumasi, Sunyani, Cape Coast, New Juaben, Accra, Tema, Tamale, Bolgatanga, Wa, Ho and Shama Ahanta East) were excluded from the study, given their urban predominance.

· Second Stage Sampling - Selection of 40 Enumeration Areas (EAs) from each of the 20 Districts.
A total of 800 EAs was selected; 40 EAs were randomly selected with probability proportional to size in each district, using the list of EAs compiled by the 2010 Census as a sample frame, and projected total population as a measure of size.2 In the Kassena-Nankana East district, 53 of the 187 EAs compiled by the 2010 census were excluded from the study because of the land disputes prevalent in the area earlier in 2011.

· Third Stage Sampling - Selection of 5 holders
At the third stage, five holders were randomly chosen in each EA, using as a sample frame; the full list of all holders, compiled from the Household and Holders Listing questionnaire. This provides a total sample of 4000 holders, consisting of 200 holders per district.

Sampling deviation
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Not reported

Mode of data collection
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Computer Assisted Personal Interview [capi]

Research instrument
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The questionnaires used in the minor season survey include the followings:-

(a) The Household and Holding Inquiry - Pre-Harvest questionnaire, also known as the form 2a. This was used to make enquiries on the general characteristics of households and holdings for pre-harvest farming activities during the minor season. Information sought included changes in the household composition, detailed information on livestock, poultry and other animals owned by the selected holders, detailed information on tree crops grown by the selected holders, information on aquaculture practices, inputs, outputs and assets.

(b) The Household and Holding Inquiry - Post-Harvest questionnaire, also known as form 2b. This was used to make enquiries on field practices, inputs and outputs. The following information were sought: inventory of fields, inputs and expenses, Remaining major season production and marketing of crops, minor season crop production and marketing, holding information, shocks and adaptation to shocks, other income generating activities and household health status.

(c) The Household and Holding Inquiry - Pre-harvest field measurements questionnaire known as the form 3. This questionnaire was used to gather data on the nature and characteristics of crop fields and area measurements for individual crop fields for all selected holdings.

(d) Crop Yield Measurement questionnaire also known as the form 4. This was used to seek for data on the yields of food crops such as the cereals, root and tubers, plantain, legumes and nuts, and vegetables.

Cleaning operations
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The set of questionnaires used in the minor season survey include:-

(a) The Household and Holding Inquiry – Pre-Harvest questionnaire, also known as the form 2a. This was used to make enquiries on the general characteristics of households and holdings for pre-harvest farming activities during the minor season. Information sought included changes in the household composition, detailed information on livestock, poultry and other animals owned by the selected holders, detailed information on tree crops grown by the selected holders, information on aquaculture practices, inputs, outputs and assets.

(b) The Household and Holding Inquiry – Post-Harvest questionnaire, also known as form 2b. This was used to make enquiries on field practices, inputs and outputs. The following information were sought: inventory of fields, inputs and expenses, Remaining major season production and marketing of crops, minor season crop production and marketing, holding information, shocks and adaptation to shocks, other income generating activities and household health status.

(c) The Household and Holding Inquiry – Pre-harvest field measurements questionnaire known as the form 3. This questionnaire was used to gather data on the nature and characteristics of crop fields and area measurements for individual crop fields for all selected holdings.

(d) Crop Yield Measurement questionnaire also known as the form 4. This was used to seek for data on the yields of food crops such as the cereals, root and tubers, plantain, legumes and nuts, and vegetables.

Response rate
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The repond rate reported was 70%

Sampling error estimates
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No estimates of sampling error given

Data appraisal
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District information and communication infrastructure was upgraded in the 20 districts to improve data collection and management. Each office was provided with a computer, printer, voltage stabilizers, an internet modem, 5 GPS units, and other field equipment. Motorbikes were also provided to the DASAs to enhance mobility.

Similarly, the SRID head office was also upgraded with ICT equipment to facilitate work.To oversee the implementation of the pilot survey a cross-sectoral steering committee was established.

At the end of each phase of implementation, a team was put together to assess the institutional and financial feasibility of scaling up GAPS, and both assessment reports are available at SRID.

摘要
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GAPS的目标在于强化由SRID执行的年度多轮作物和牲畜调查（MRACLS）。MRACLS是以国家农业调查为基础，据此SRID发布农业生产和重要作物产量的信息。GAPS的最终目标是提供更精确和及时的农业产量估计，涵盖区、区域和国家三个层面。调查亦旨在为SRID提供一个实验多种潜在改进措施的机会，以便在逐步扩展至全国所有区之前，培养所需技能和能力。
作为实施GAPS的条款之一，MoFA同意为每个区分配四位农业技术推广专员（AEAs）进行数据收集。这些专员从所有推广工作中得到解脱。为了区分这些现场数据收集官员与其他推广专员，他们被称为区农业统计助理（DASAs）。每个区指定一位官员担任区级管理信息系统（MIS）官员，并赋予其额外的职责，作为现场监督员，被称为区农业统计官员（DASO）。总共成功培训并部署了100名DASAs和DASOs至各区，以实施GAPS，并赋予他们收集和处理现场数据的任务。
地理覆盖范围
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国家级区域 区

分析单元
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家庭

总体
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农业家庭和持有者

数据类型
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人口普查/枚举数据 [cen]

抽样程序
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GAPS响应加纳政府在国家、区域和区级层面可靠农业统计的需求，采用了三阶段多级抽样设计。
· 第一阶段抽样 - 从每个10个地区中随机选择2个区。总共随机选择了20个区，每个地区2个，使用2000年各区的人口作为规模衡量标准，按规模比例进行随机选择。考虑到这些大都会和市政机构（库马西、森亚尼、凯佩斯特、新朱阿本、阿克拉、特马、塔马莱、博尔古塔加、瓦、霍和沙玛阿哈塔东）的城市主导地位，它们被排除在研究之外。
· 第二阶段抽样 - 从每个20个区中随机选择40个抽样区域（EAs）。总共选择了800个EAs；每个区随机选择了40个EAs，使用2010年人口普查编制的EAs名单作为抽样框架，并使用预测的总人口作为规模衡量标准。在卡塞纳-南卡纳东区，由于2011年早期该地区普遍存在的土地争端，2010年人口普查编制的187个EAs中的53个被排除在研究之外。
· 第三阶段抽样 - 选择5个持有者。在第三阶段，每个EAs随机选择了5个持有者，使用来自家庭和持有者清单问卷的完整持有者名单作为抽样框架。这提供了总共4000个持有者的样本，每个区200个持有者。

抽样偏差
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未报告

数据收集方式
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计算机辅助个人访谈 [capi]

研究工具
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在次要季节调查中使用的问题卷包括以下内容：
(a) 家庭和持有者调查 - 收割前问卷，也称形式2a。此问卷用于在次要季节调查收割前的家庭和持有者的基本情况，以及农业活动。所寻求的信息包括家庭组成的变更、选定持有者拥有的家畜、家禽和其他动物的详细信息、选定持有者种植的树木作物的详细信息、水产养殖实践、投入、产出和资产的信息。
(b) 家庭和持有者调查 - 收割后问卷，也称形式2b。此问卷用于调查田间实践、投入和产出。所寻求的信息包括地块清单、投入和支出、剩余主要季节作物的生产和营销、次要季节作物的生产和营销、持有者信息、冲击和适应冲击、其他收入生成活动以及家庭健康状况。
(c) 家庭和持有者调查 - 收割前田间测量问卷，也称形式3。此问卷用于收集有关选定持有者所有作物田的性质和特征的详细信息，以及每个选定作物田的面积测量。
(d) 作物产量测量问卷，也称形式4。此问卷用于收集有关粮食作物（如谷物、根茎、香蕉、豆类和坚果）以及蔬菜产量的数据。

清理操作
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在次要季节调查中使用的问卷包括：
(a) 家庭和持有者调查 - 收割前问卷，也称形式2a。此问卷用于在次要季节调查收割前的家庭和持有者的基本情况，以及农业活动。所寻求的信息包括家庭组成的变更、选定持有者拥有的家畜、家禽和其他动物的详细信息、选定持有者种植的树木作物的详细信息、水产养殖实践、投入、产出和资产的信息。
(b) 家庭和持有者调查 - 收割后问卷，也称形式2b。此问卷用于调查田间实践、投入和产出。所寻求的信息包括地块清单、投入和支出、剩余主要季节作物的生产和营销、次要季节作物的生产和营销、持有者信息、冲击和适应冲击、其他收入生成活动以及家庭健康状况。
(c) 家庭和持有者调查 - 收割前田间测量问卷，也称形式3。此问卷用于收集有关选定持有者所有作物田的性质和特征的详细信息，以及每个选定作物田的面积测量。
(d) 作物产量测量问卷，也称形式4。此问卷用于收集有关粮食作物（如谷物、根茎、香蕉、豆类和坚果）以及蔬菜产量的数据。

响应率
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报告的响应率为70%

抽样误差估计
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未提供抽样误差估计

数据评估
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在20个区升级了区级信息和通信基础设施，以改善数据收集和管理。每个办公室都配备了计算机、打印机、电压稳定器、互联网调制解调器、5个GPS设备以及其他现场设备。还为DASAs提供了摩托车，以提高其机动性。
同样，SRID总部也升级了ICT设备，以便利工作。为监督试点调查的实施，成立了一个跨部门的指导委员会。
在实施每个阶段的结束时，成立了一个团队，以评估扩大GAPS的制度和财务可行性，且这两个评估报告均可在SRID获得。