黑河流域地表过程综合观测网（黑河遥感站自动气象站-2024）

该数据集包含了2024年1月1日至2024年12月31日黑河流域地表过程综合观测网中游黑河遥感站气象要素观测数据。站点位于甘肃省张掖市党寨镇东侧，下垫面是人工草地。观测点的经纬度是100.4756E，38.8270N，海拔1560m。空气温度湿度传感器架设在1.5m处，朝向正北；气压计在防水箱内；翻斗式雨量计安装在0.7 m处；风速风向传感器架设在10m处，朝向正北；四分量辐射仪安装高度为1.5m，朝向正南；两个红外温度计安装高度为1.5m，朝向正南，探头朝向是垂直向下；土壤温度探头埋设在地表0cm和地下2cm、4cm、10cm、20cm、40cm、80cm、120cm、160cm处；土壤水分探头埋设在2cm、4cm、10cm、20cm、40cm、80cm、120cm、160cm处；平均土壤温度探头埋设在2cm和4cm；土壤热流板（3块）依次埋设在地下6cm处；两个光合有效辐射仪分别架设在冠层上方1.5m（探头垂直向上和向下方向各一个），朝向正南。
观测项目有：空气温湿度（Ta_1.5m、RH_1.5m）（单位：摄氏度、百分比）、气压（Press）（单位：百帕）、降水量（Rain）（单位：毫米）、风速（WS_10m）（单位：米/秒）、风向（WD_10m）（单位：度）、四分量辐射（DR、UR、DLR_Cor、ULR_Cor、Rn）（单位：瓦/平方米）、地表辐射温度（IRT_1、IRT_2）（单位：摄氏度）、土壤热通量（Gs_1、Gs_2、Gs_3）（单位：瓦/平方米）、土壤温度（Ts_0cm、Ts_2cm、Ts_4cm、Ts_10cm、Ts_20cm、Ts_40cm、Ts_80cm、Ts_120cm、Ts_160cm）（单位：摄氏度）、土壤水分（Ms_2cm、Ms_4cm、Ms_10cm、Ms_20cm、Ms_40cm、Ms_80cm、Ms_120cm、Ms_160cm）（单位：%）、向上与向下光合有效辐射（PAR_U_up、PAR_U_down）（单位：微摩尔/平方米秒）、平均土壤温度（TCAV）（单位：摄氏度）。
观测数据的处理与质量控制：（1）确保每天144个数据（每10min），若出现数据的缺失，则由-9999标示；（2）剔除有重复记录的时刻；（3）删除了明显超出物理意义或超出仪器量程的数据；（4）数据中以红字标示的部分为有疑问的数据；（5）日期和时间的格式统一，并且日期、时间在同一列。如，时间为：2024-6-10 10:30；（6）命名规则为：AWS+站点名称。
黑河综合观测网或站点信息请参考Liu et al. (2018)和Liu et al. (2023)。

This dataset includes meteorological element observation data collected at the Heihe Remote Sensing Station (middle reaches of the Heihe River Basin Surface Process Comprehensive Observation Network) from January 1 to December 31, 2024. The station is located on the east side of Dangzhai Town, Zhangye City, Gansu Province, with an underlying surface of artificial grassland. The coordinates of the observation site are 100.4756°E, 38.8270°N, and the elevation is 1560 m.

Air temperature and humidity sensors are installed at 1.5 m above ground, facing north; the barometer is placed in a waterproof box; the tipping-bucket rain gauge is installed at 0.7 m; wind speed and direction sensors are installed at 10 m, facing north; the four-component radiometer is installed at 1.5 m, facing south; two infrared thermometers are installed at 1.5 m, facing south with probes pointing vertically downward; soil temperature probes are buried at 0 cm (surface) and 2 cm, 4 cm, 10 cm, 20 cm, 40 cm, 80 cm, 120 cm, 160 cm underground; soil moisture probes are buried at 2 cm, 4 cm, 10 cm, 20 cm, 40 cm, 80 cm, 120 cm, 160 cm underground; average soil temperature probes are buried at 2 cm and 4 cm; three soil heat flux plates are sequentially buried at 6 cm underground; two photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) sensors are installed 1.5 m above the canopy, one with probe pointing vertically upward and the other downward, both facing south.

The observation items include: air temperature and humidity (Ta_1.5m, RH_1.5m) (units: degrees Celsius, percentage), barometric pressure (Press) (unit: hectopascal), precipitation (Rain) (unit: millimeter), wind speed (WS_10m) (unit: meter per second), wind direction (WD_10m) (unit: degree), four-component radiation (DR, UR, DLR_Cor, ULR_Cor, Rn) (unit: watt per square meter), surface radiation temperature (IRT_1, IRT_2) (unit: degrees Celsius), soil heat flux (Gs_1, Gs_2, Gs_3) (unit: watt per square meter), soil temperature (Ts_0cm, Ts_2cm, Ts_4cm, Ts_10cm, Ts_20cm, Ts_40cm, Ts_80cm, Ts_120cm, Ts_160cm) (unit: degrees Celsius), soil moisture (Ms_2cm, Ms_4cm, Ms_10cm, Ms_20cm, Ms_40cm, Ms_80cm, Ms_120cm, Ms_160cm) (unit: %), upward and downward photosynthetically active radiation (PAR_U_up, PAR_U_down) (unit: micromole per square meter per second), and average soil temperature (TCAV) (unit: degrees Celsius).

Data processing and quality control: (1) Ensure 144 data points per day (recorded every 10 minutes), with missing values marked as -9999; (2) Remove duplicate records; (3) Delete data that obviously exceed physical thresholds or instrument measurement ranges; (4) Data marked in red are considered questionable; (5) The date and time formats are unified, and date and time are stored in the same column. For example, the time format is: 2024-6-10 10:30; (6) The naming convention is: AWS+station name.

For information about the Heihe Comprehensive Observation Network or the station, please refer to Liu et al. (2018) and Liu et al. (2023).

搜集汇总

背景与挑战

背景概述

该数据集为2024年黑河流域中游黑河遥感站的气象观测数据，覆盖多种气象要素和土壤参数，数据质量经过严格处理和控制，适用于地表过程研究。