EO-based match-ups with Escherichia Coli monitoring samples - England, 2012-2025

Use Case Name Climate Change and E. coli Health Risks in the UK. Dataset Name EO-based match-ups with Escherichia coli (E. coli) monitoring samples for England Dataset Description This dataset represents research undertaken in the ESA CHANGE project to study potential forcing factors linked to the in-water concentration of Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Intestinal Enterococci (IE) faecal pollutants harmful to humans. The Environment Agency (EA) in England monitors for these pathogens in designated swimming areas once every week during the official Bathing Water Season (May 15 to September 30). This dataset comprises only the coastal sites (removing rivers, lakes), between 2012 and 2025, approximately 84,000 samples in total. Temporal Domain 2012 - 2025 Spatial Domain England coastal samples. Key Variables/Indicators Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Intestinal Enterococci (IE) concentrations. The environmental variables, primarily from Earth observation data, are: Sea-surface temperature (SST) - 5km daily data from ESA SST-CCI dataset. Sea-surface chlorophyll-a concentration (Chl) - 4km daily data from ESA OC-CCI dataset. Total precipitation (TP) - 0.25° daily data from ERA5 reanalysis data, from Copernicus Marine Service. Marine heatwave category (MHW) - 5km daily data from NOAA Coral Reef project. Nearest Land cover category (Land-Cov) - 300m annual data from ESA Land Cover CCI dataset. These variables are provided for the day of the sample, as well as with a lag of 1, 2, 4, 7 days (for daily variables). . Data Format Comma-separated values (CSV), zipped file Source Data See variables. Limitations/Assumptions Cloud cover, particularly affecting ocean colour parameters (chlorophyll concentration).