Bee behaviour and artificial flower data from: "Bumblebees learn to use peripheral taste to predict the presence of nectar in flowers"

<b>Abtract</b>Learning cues such as tastes associated with palatable food is an important mechanism animals have for foraging optimally. Insects can use gustatory receptor neurons (GRNs) in their mouthparts to detect nutrients and toxins, but they also taste compounds using sensilla on peripheral organs such as their antennae. Bees are adept at learning to associate floral traits with the presence of nectar rewards, but few studies have examined how they incorporate gustatory information from their antennae with rewards. Here, we characterize the ability of adult worker bumblebees (Bombus terrestris) to taste sugar, salt, and bitter compounds using their antennae and then tested whether they could use this sensory information to associate it with food. We show that bumblebees have antennal GRNs sensitive to sugars, salts, and bitter compounds and that they can use surface chemistry differences detected by their periphery to learn about the presence or absence of flower rewards in a free-flight assay. Naïve bumblebees showed no instinctual preferences toward or against any surface chemistry tested. Bumblebees performed best when sucrose surface cues were associated with sucrose reward, but they could learn to associate any cue with the presence or absence of sucrose solution. Interestingly, the bees found it more difficult to associate quinine surface chemistry with the presence of reward than its absence. These results indicate that bees have the potential to learn to associate another floral trait – chemicals on the surfaces of petals - with the quality of floral rewards.<b>Guide for Use</b><br>Raw data, data plotted in figures as well as the annotated <i>R</i><i> </i>code and csv data files necessary to generate graphical figures and repeat analysis of disc analysis and bee behaviour data from “Bumblebees can use peripheral taste of surfaces as foraging cue” can be found in this data repository. Full details on data collection are available in that publication.<br>In this repository you will find 4 '.zip' files. These zip files contain csv data files, images and <i>R</i> code as appropriate. Along with each zip. file you will find a pdf 'instructions' file. this pdf provides further details on the corresponding zip file contents and use. These zip and pdf files are as follows:'Disc spectrometry.zip' &amp; 'Instructions for disc spectrometry.pdf''Disk SEM.zip' &amp; 'Instructions for Disc SEM.pdf''Surface Preference.zip' &amp; 'Instructions for Surface Preference.pdf''Surface DiffCon.zip' &amp; 'Instructions for surface diffcon.pdf'<br><br>