TABLE 1 in Recent Long-Distance-Dispersal Explains the Range Disjunction of the Old-Word Cockleburs (Xanthium strumarium)

TABLE 1 | List of samples used in the ancestral area reconstruction and phylogenetic analyses, along with information on the herbarium voucher, ENA accession numbers, identification at species level, collection place and date. Notes indicate outgroups and the analysis for which samples were employed, whether Ancestral Range Reconstruction (ARR) or Dating Analysis (DA). Biogeographic areas to which the samples were assigned in the BioGeoBEARS analyses are also indicated with Latin capital letters as also in Figure 2: American (A), Indian (B), Sino-Japanese (C), Malaysian (D), Indochinese (E), Madagascan (F), Siberian (G), African (H), Mediterranean (I) and European (J). Lab IDHerbarium voucherAccession numberIdentificationCollection placeCollection dateNotesBiogeographic areaX8M-0158773ERS20849905Xanthium strumarium L.Nara (Japan)16/09/1996ARRCX10M-0158774ERS20849859Xanthium strumarium L.Zeilitzheim (Germany)15/08/1993ARRJX114GOET061878ERS20849860Xanthium strumarium L.Cult. Göttingen (Germany)13/11/2020ARRJX134GOET043118ERS20849861Xanthium strumarium L.Hannover (Germany)1821ARRJX147GOET042881ERS20849862Xanthium strumarium L.Jakarta (Indonesia)1879ARRDX149GOET043138ERS20849863Xanthium strumarium L.Vipiteno (Italy)09/1883ARRJX150GOET035727ERS20849864Xanthium strumarium L.Germany1818ARRJX151GOET035728ERS20849865Xanthium strumarium L.India1818ARRBX160B101067785ERS20849866Xanthium strumarium L.Azaza (Sudan)14/05/1951ARRHX177B100754514ERS20849867Xanthium strumarium L.Cologne (Germany)09/09/1956ARR/DAJX178B100766855ERS20849868Xanthium strumarium L.Caccamo (Italy)08/1888ARRIX179B101096387ERS20849869Xanthium strumarium L.Skopje (North Mazedonia)18/08/1917ARRJX180B100549302ERS20849870Xanthium strumarium L.Baumgarten (Austria)05/08/2008ARRJX181B100552436ERS20849871Xanthium strumarium L.Tulln an der Donau (Austria)25/07/2007ARRJX182B100618287ERS20849872Xanthium strumarium L.Celje (Slovenia)08/1908ARRJX183B100618346ERS20849873Xanthium strumarium L.Strasburg (France)27/08/1868ARRJX184B100667848ERS20849874Xanthium strumarium L.Qingdao (China)1899–1903ARRCX185B100356226ERS20849875Xanthium strumarium L.Geumgang Mt. (North Korea)28/09/1997ARR/DACX188B101122207ERS20849876Xanthium strumarium L.Karaj (Iran)11/08/1933ARR/DAJX198PR901932ERS20849877Xanthium strumariumHořice (Czech Republic)26/08/2018ARR/DAJX199PR564904ERS20849857Xanthium strumarium L.Sturovo (Slovakia)24/08/1956ARRJX200PR101903ERS20849879Xanthium strumarium L.Koskovce (Slovakia)08/1898ARRJX203PR969921ERS20849880Xanthium strumarium L.Sharon Plain (Israel)05/09/1951ARRIX206PR969832ERS20849881Xanthium strumarium L.Thuringia (Germany)?ARRJX211PR969988ERS20849882Xanthium strumarium L.Java (Indonesia)1842–1844ARR/DADX215PR969989ERS20849883Xanthium strumarium L.East India1837–1838ARRBX222PR311228ERS20849884Xanthium strumarium L.Kunashir (Russia)22/09/1968ARRCX226sn BOLOERS20849885Xanthium strumarium L.Bolzano (Italy)1842ARRJX230FI064241ERS20849886Xanthium strumarium L.Algiers (Algeria)08/1869ARRIX232FI064242ERS20849887Xanthium strumarium L.Hong Kong1858ARREX233FI064240ERS20849888Xanthium strumarium L.El Kantara (Algeria)18/09/1902ARRIX235FI064236ERS20849889Xanthium strumarium L.Java (Indonesia)1842–1844ARRDX237CAT020884ERS20849890Xanthium strumarium L.Mazzara del Vallo (Italy)09/06/1973ARRIX322GOET002242ERS20849891Xanthium strumarium L.Nagasaki (Japan)1862ARRCX323GOET043112ERS20849892Xanthium strumarium L.Lower Saxony (Germany)22/10/1998ARRJX325P00069185ERS20849893Xanthium strumarium L.Ethiopia1844ARRHX326P02823998ERS20849894Xanthium strumarium L.Khartum (Sudan)04/03/1840ARRHX327P02511185ERS20849895Xanthium strumarium L.Yunnan (China)11/08/1908ARRCX328P02511187ERS20849896Xanthium strumarium L.Vĩnh Long (Laos)20/07/1929ARREX329P02511177ERS20849897Xanthium strumarium L.Puducherry (India)05/1837ARR/DABX330P02511343ERS20849898Xanthium strumarium L.Taiwan (Republic of China)09/06/1933ARREX331P02537065ERS20849899Xanthium strumarium L.Brasil08/1967ARRIX332P02537059ERS20849900Xanthium strumarium L.Cachambu (Brasil)26/01/1886ARRIX337P02398528ERS20849901Xanthium strumarium L.Mauritius (Republic of Mauritius)?ARRFX353G00305683ERS20849902Xanthium strumarium L.Öskemen (Kazakistan)12/07/1782ARRGX354GOET042883ERS20849903Xanthium strumarium L.Sri Lanka1863ARR/DABX355GOET042616ERS20849904Xanthium strumarium L.Sabra (Ethiopia)1871ARRHX187B100528156ERS20849855Xanthium chinense Mill.Babil (Iraq)30/11/1973ARR outgroupAX197B101067808ERS20849856Xanthium chinense Mill.St. Thomas (Virgin Islands; USA)1827–1840ARR outgroup/ DAAX207PR86412ERS18958775Xanthium spinosum L.Herne (Germany)10/1931ARR outgroup/ DAAX210PR070007ERS20849857Xanthium chinense Mill.Rahway (New Jersey; USA)?ARR outgroup/ DAAX240WU0071716ERS18958748X. argenteum WidderÑuble (Chile)?ARR outgroupAX305TEX00407690ERS20849858Xanthium orientale L.Greenville (Texas; USA)21/09/1995ARR outgroup/ DAAX115GOET061879ERS18958770Xanthium spinosum L.Cult. Göttingen (Germany).13/11/2020DAX124GOET043085ERS18958764Xanthium spinosum L.Hannover (Germany)14/08/1924DAX141BA62708ERS18958774Xanthium spinosum L.Avellaneda (Argentina)25/03/1913DAX164B100349123ERS18958752X. c atharticum KunthSan Pedro de Atacama (Chile)11/03/2001DAX173B101094951ERS20849907Xanthium orientale L.Agen (France)September?DAX175B100549529ERS20849906Xanthium chinense Mill.East Peoria (Illinois; USA)15/09/1945DAX190B100535623ERS20849908Xanthium chinense Mill.Lesperance (Missouri; USA)05/10/1969DAX242BA31/1400ERS20849909Xanthium orientale L.Ciudad de Concordia (Argentina)31/01/1931DAX251BA60567ERS18958744Xanthium ambrosioides Hook. & Arn.Igarzabal (Argentina)17/04/1963DAX253BA46475ERS18958746Xanthium ambrosioides Hook. & Arn.Agua de la Chilena (Argentina)27/01/1942DAX261GH00014158ERS20849910Xanthium orientale L.Vermont (USA)23/09/1899DAX292TEX00561321ERS20849911Xanthium orientale L.Sierra Nevada (California; USA)28/09/2008DAX309TEX00456487ERS20849912Xanthium chinense Mill.Burkeveille (Texas; USA)18/09/2010DAX333P02537131ERS18958756Xanthium catharticum KunthProv. de Pasto (Colombia)1851–1857DAX345P04380863ERS18958749X. argenteum WidderDunkerque (France)26/10/1930DA (Continues) (Continues)