CagA promotes gastric cancer stemness and metastasis via DNMT1-mediated epigenetic silencing of BEX1

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) cytotoxin-associated gene A (CagA) critically contributes to gastric cancer (GC) pathogenesis, though its epigenetic control of cancer stemness is incompletely characterized. This study establishes that CagA enhances self-renewal capacity and metastatic potential in GC cells by elevating DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) expression.