Towards a strong-sense validation benchmark database for numerical ladle flow models - Database

In numerical computation of ladle metallurgy, multiphase models are essential. Still, these models are afflicted with great uncertainty, making a validation with experimental data mandatory. Validation experiments distinguish fundamentally from deterministic experiments because emphasis is on a complete documentation of all boundary conditions and a detailed uncertainty assessment. For this work, the experimental design for a comprehensive accuracy assessment of numerical models and reported quantities were jointly determined with international numerical experts. The framework comprises a plume analysis and flow measurements in the single- and multiphase region in a water model with defined conditions. All influencing factors are extensively documented and their contribution to the overall data uncertainty is quantified. Detailed data is made publicly available in a validation benchmark database for the isothermal multiphase flow in the ladle. A first draft of a standardized validation procedure including a single number validation score is proposed. With the data provided, the accuracy of numerical models can be quantified more accurately and comparably, thus advancing its further development. It also lays the foundations for a standardization of the validation process, which can lead to greater acceptance of numerical results.