基于湍流模型的高速螺旋槽机械密封稳态性能研究

针对高速工况下的液膜润滑螺旋槽端面机械密封，建立了其湍流润滑模型，采用有限单元法结合松弛迭代技术实现了润滑方程和液膜湍流模型的数值求解，对比分析了层流模型和湍流模型下不同螺旋槽几何参数和工况参数对密封性能的影响. 结果表明：液膜湍流效应显著提升了螺旋槽机械密封端面液膜的动力润滑效应，密封的开启力、泄漏率和刚度明显大于层流模型预测值. 在不同条件下，比较而言螺旋槽内产生更加明显的湍流效应，其内液膜流动行为远不同于层流模型. 以开启力为优化目标，湍流模型获得的优化螺旋槽几何参数在螺旋角、槽深明显不同于层流模型. 在高速和低黏度介质下，机械密封的湍流效应不可忽略.For spiral-grooved face mechanical seals with liquid film lubrication under high-speed operating conditions, a turbulent lubrication model was established. The numerical solution of the lubrication equations and the liquid film turbulent model was realized using the finite element method combined with relaxation iteration techniques. A comparative analysis was conducted on the effects of different spiral groove geometric parameters and operating parameters on seal performance under both laminar and turbulent models. The results show that the turbulent effect of the liquid film significantly enhances the dynamic lubrication effect of the liquid film on the end faces of spiral-grooved mechanical seals, with the opening force, leakage rate and stiffness of the seal being notably larger than the values predicted by the laminar model. Under various conditions, the spiral grooves exhibit more pronounced turbulent effects, and the flow behavior of the liquid film within them is drastically different from that predicted by the laminar model. Taking the opening force as the optimization objective, the optimal spiral groove geometric parameters obtained via the turbulent model differ significantly from those of the laminar model in terms of spiral angle and groove depth. The turbulent effect of mechanical seals cannot be ignored under high-speed and low-viscosity medium conditions.