TABLE 2 in What Will the Future Bring for Biological Invasions on Islands? An Expert-Based Assessment

TABLE 2 | Proportional odds models analyzing if the 15 drivers of biological invasions addressed in the survey significantly increase alien species (A) introduction, (B) establishment, and (C) spread on islands in the 21st century. (A)IntroductionPredictorsOdds RatioCIpAwareness, Values and Lifestyle1.10.69–1.760.68Climate Change3.752.34–5.99<0.001Biodiversity Loss and degradation5.033.09–8.18<0.001Communication and outreach0.60.37–0.950.03Cooperation, legislation and agreements0.620.39–0.990.04Demography and migration13.618.31–22.27<0.001Eutrophication and Pollution1.550.98–2.450.06IAS management0.250.15–0.40<0.001IAS science0.230.14–0.37<0.001Land Use/Cover change6.694.16–10.77<0.001Ocean Acidification1.140.72–1.790.58Recreation and tourism7.554.74–12.03<0.001Socio-Economic change5.83.63–9.26<0.001Technology and Innovation0.830.53–1.320.43Trade and transport74.4837.85–146.58<0.001Threshold coefficients:Strongly disagree|Disagree0.120.08–0.17<0.001Disagree|Neutral0.550.39–0.780.001Neutral| Agree1.841.30–2.610.001Agree|Strongly agree8.415.86–12.07<0.001(B)EstablishmentPredictorsOdds RatioCIpAwareness, values and lifestyle1.050.65–1.680.84Climate change13.017.96–21.25<0.001Biodiversity loss and degradation29.6917.40–50.67<0.001Communication and outreach0.580.36–0.920.02Cooperation, legislation and agreements0.580.36–0.920.02Demography and migration10.246.28–16.69<0.001Eutrophication and pollution4.252.66–6.80<0.001IAS management0.230.14–0.38<0.001IAS science0.250.15–0.40<0.001Land Use/Cover change23.7714.18–39.87<0.001Ocean acidification2.111.33–3.350.002Recreation and tourism4.42.74–7.07<0.001Socio-Economic change6.213.87–9.99<0.001Technology and innovation0.730.46–1.170.19Trade and transport4.22.60–6.78<0.001Threshold coefficients:Strongly disagree|Disagree0.120.08–0.17<0.001Disagree|Neutral0.50.35–0.71<0.001Neutral| Agree1.821.27–2.590.001Agree|Strongly agree11.177.69–16.22<0.001(C)SpreadPredictorsOdds RatioCIpAwareness, Values and Lifestyle1.110.69–1.780.66Climate Change10.796.64–17.52<0.001Biodiversity Loss and Degradation22.913.51–38.80<0.001Communication and Outreach0.590.37–0.950.03Cooperation, Legislation and Agreements0.610.38–0.970.04Demography and Migration14.288.67–23.51<0.001Eutrophication and Pollution3.652.29–5.81<0.001IAS Management0.240.15–0.39<0.001IAS Science0.250.16–0.41<0.001Land Use/Cover Change15.549.46–25.54<0.001Ocean Acidification1.931.22–3.050.01Recreation and Tourism7.24.48–11.56<0.001Socio-Economic Change6.333.95–10.15<0.001Technology and Innovation0.720.45–1.150.17Trade and Transport13.978.46–23.08<0.001Threshold coefficients:Strongly disagree|Disagree0.120.09–0.18<0.001Disagree|Neutral0.50.35–0.71<0.001Neutral| Agree1.861.31–2.650.001Agree|Strongly agree9.786.77–14.14<0.001 (Continued)