Refusals in English as a Lingua Franca: An Investigation of Chinese and Indonesian Speakers of English

This thesis explores refusals in the ELF context made by Chinese and Indonesian English speakers. It examines the illocutionary, discursive, multimodal, and metapragmatic aspects of ELF refusals. Drawing on role-play and interview data, my results show the importance of rapport management, interactional negotiation, and endonormative orientations in ELF refusals. The findings advance our understanding of pragmatic acts in the ELF context and also provide methodological and pedagogical implications for future research.