促进制造材料循环经济研讨会报告
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Acirculareconomicmodelisgarneringglobalsupportacrossabroadexpanseofsectors.Themodelrepresentsadramatictransitionfromthelong-employedlineareconomy(take–make–use–waste)intoaregenerativeoneinwhichproductsandmaterialsarekeptwithintheeconomythroughrecoveryprocessesincludingreuse,repair,refurbishment,remanufacturing,andrecycling.Cyclingmaterialswithintheeconomynotonlyreducesthedemandforrawmaterials,butalsopreventstheleakageofmaterialstounwantedsinkssuchastheenvironment,landfills,andincinerators,therebyreducingpotentialharmtosociety,theenvironment,andtheeconomy.Transitioningtoacirculareconomywillfurtherrequireproductstobeassessedintermsofnotonlytheirfunctionbutalsotheirimpactontheenvironmentandhowwelltheymaintainvalue.Theseassessmentswillneedasolidfoundationofmeasurementsandpracticestobringthemtofruition.Considerabletime,thought,andenergyisbeingdirectedtowardsenablingthistransition.Numeroussocial,political,andtechnicalstrategiesarebeingconsidered,andtosomeextent,implementedtoaffectthisnecessarychange.Whiletherangeoforganizationsparticipatingintheseeffortsisexceptionallydiverse,muchoftheburdenofbringingthisvisiontoarealitywillbeplacedonthosewhoproducegoods—i.e.,manufacturers.Themanufacturingsectortransformsmaterialsintoproducts,andhencehasapivotalroletoplayinassuringthatmaterialsareusedefficientlyandremainintheeconomyforaslongaspossible.Manufacturersacrosssectorsandgeographicregionsaresettingenvironmental,social,andgovernance(ESG)commitments,includingcircularitygoals,inresponsetoconsumerdemands,regulations/legislation,andaspartoftheirfutureplanningactivities.Underlyingalltheseeffortsisaneedforstandardstohelpguidestakeholders,particularlymanufacturers,towardssynchronizedimprovements.Standardsdefinebasicterminologyneededtocreateacommonunderstandingofsharedgoals,objectives,andprogress.Theyprovidebestpracticesformanufacturersandothersectorstocreateproductsthatcanberecirculatedthroughouttheeconomyoncetheyreachtheendoftheirusefullife.Standardtestmethodsensurerepeatableandcomparableproceduresfordeterminingpropertiesofmaterialsandproducts.Further,reportingstandardsprovideameansfordocumentingenvironmental,social,andcorporategovernance(ESG)metrics,andcanhelptoanticipatetheproblemsthatlieaheadandwheremoreworkisneeded.Towardsthisend,ASTMInternational’sE60CommitteeonSustainabilitysoughttogarnerstakeholderinputondriversandbarriersfacingcircularmanufacturingandtheneedforstandardstofosteracirculareconomyformanufacturingmaterials.Morespecifically,theE60committeeaimedtoidentifytechnicalstandardsneededformanufacturerstodesignandproduceproductsforcircularityaswellasintegratemorediversefeedstocksintoproductioncapabilities.Standardsareneededtoensurethattheoutputsofmanufacturingoperations,bothproductsandby-products,aresuitabletore-entertheeconomy.Inthiseffort,theE60committeedrewonthefollowingsourcesofinformationtoidentifyareaswherestandardizationisneededtomakesubstantialimprovementstothestatusquo:–Asurveyofmanufacturingorganizationstounderstandthecurrentstateofthepracticetowardsmoresustainableandcircularmanufacturingapproaches,–Atwo-dayworkshopincludingworld-classpanelistsreportingoncurrentactivitysupportingcirculareconomyformanufacturingorganizationsandmanufacturingexpertswhoparticipatedintheworkshop’sroundtablediscussions.Thesurveyandworkshopbroughttolightseveralkeydriversandbarriersfacingacirculareconomyandledtotheidentificationoffivecategoriesofstandards.AsshowninFigure1,foundationalstandardsunderpintheotherstandardsefforts.Systems-supportstandardsfacilitatesystemsthinkinginpracticeandadvancethemechanismstocollect,carry,andprovideinformationthroughoutthelifecycle.Theinnerboxesinthefigureshowthetypesofstandardsneededindifferentlifecyclephases:front-enddesign,manufacturingproduction,back-endrecovery,andrecycling-relatedstandards.Morespecificsoftheneededstandardsandtheirfocusareasaredescribedingreaterdetailinthisreport.Successfullyimplementingtheidentifiedstandardswillassistwithensuringtrustworthyandreliablematerialstreamsforfuturemanufacturing.
提供机构：
美国试验材料学会（American Society for Testing Material）
