美国CDC：预防寨卡病毒性传播的临时指南
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InterimGuidelinesforPreventionofSexualTransmissionofZikaVirus—UnitedStates,2016Zikavirusisamosquito-borneflavivirusprimarilytransmittedbyAedesaegyptimosquitoes(1,2).InfectionwithZikavirusisasymptomaticinanestimated80%ofcases(2,3),andwhenZikavirusdoescauseillness,symptomsaregenerallymildandself-limited.RecentevidencesuggestsapossibleassociationbetweenmaternalZikavirusinfectionandadversefetaloutcomes,suchascongenitalmicrocephaly(4,5),aswellasapossibleassociationwithGuillain-Barrésyndrome.Currently,novaccineormedicationexiststopreventortreatZikavirusinfection.PersonsresidinginortravelingtoareasofactiveZikavirustransmissionshouldtakestepstopreventZikavirusinfectionthroughpreventionofmosquitobites(http://www.cdc.gov/zika/prevention/).SexualtransmissionofZikavirusispossible,andisofparticularconcernduringpregnancy.CurrentinformationaboutpossiblesexualtransmissionofZikaisbasedonreportsofthreecases.ThefirstwasprobablesexualtransmissionofZikavirusfromamantoawoman(6),inwhichsexualcontactoccurredafewdaysbeforetheman’ssymptomonset.Thesecondisacaseofsexualtransmissioncurrentlyunderinvestigation(unpublisheddata,2016,DallasCountyHealthandHumanServices).Thethirdisasinglereportofreplication-competentZikavirusisolatedfromsemenatleast2weeksandpossiblyupto10weeksafterillnessonset;reversetranscriptase-polymerasechainreactiontestingofbloodplasmaspecimenscollectedatthesametimeasthesemenspecimensdidnotdetectZikavirus(7).Themanhadnosexualcontacts.Becausenofurthertestingwasconducted,thedurationofpersistenceofZikavirusinsemenremainsunknown.Inallthreecases,themendevelopedsymptomaticillness.WhetherinfectedmenwhoneverdevelopsymptomscantransmitZikavirustotheirsexpartnersisunknown.SexualtransmissionofZikavirusfrominfectedwomentotheirsexpartnershasnotbeenreported.Sexualtransmissionofmanyinfections,includingthosecausedbyotherviruses,isreducedbyconsistentandcorrectuseoflatexcondoms.Suggestedcitationforthisarticle:OsterAM,BrooksJT,StrykerJE,etal.InterimGuidelinesforPreventionofSexualTransmissionofZikaVirus—UnitedStates,2016.MMWRMorbMortalWklyRep2016;65(EarlyRelease):1–2.DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm6505e1er.
