Local anesthetic versus fentanyl or sufentanil spinal anesthesia: Systematic Review and meta-analysis

Even though opioids are the most potent analgesics, it may increase postoperative complications, such as respiratory depression, hypoxemia, hyperalgesia, nausea and vomiting, pruritus, urinary retention, and tolerance desensitization, dizziness, and drowsiness. To our knowledge, no systematic review article has been done to investigate local anesthetic versus opioid spinal anesthesia to evaluate the incidence of postoperative complications.