Morphospace disparity and species diversity in Sri Lankan phytophagous scarab beetles – a comparison by forest types, altitude, and sites

The files contain the supporting information and raw data of the masnucript, Morphospace disparity and species diversity in Sri Lankan phytophagous scarab beetles – a comparison by forest types, altitude, and sites.

It includes the following:

Raw Data:

Suppl. Table 1: Details of sampling sites (Sri Lanka); L number, coordinates, elevation, elevation zone and forest types. Elevation zones; EZ1: 0-500m, EZ2: 501-1000m, EZ3: 1001-1500m, EZ4: 1501-2000m, EZ5; 2001-2500m. Forest types; WL: evergreen wet lowland forests, DL: evergreen dry lowland forests, SM: sub-montane forests, MO: montane forests.

Suppl. Table 2. Morphometric measurements and metadata of all studied specimens. Metadata include species identification, voucher number, occurrence data regarding sampling location in Sri Lanka, elevation zone (EZ), and forest type (F). Units of measurements are mm. WL: evergreen wet lowland forests, LD: evergreen dry lowland forests, SM: sub-montane forests, MO: montane forests; EZ1: 0-500m, EZ2: 501-1000m, EZ3: 1001-1500m, EZ4: 1501-2000m, EZ5; 2001-2500m; L1: Aranayake; L2: Riverston; L3: NIFS Arboretum; L4: Deenston; L5: Nuwara Eliya; L6: Horton Plains; L8: Hiyare; L9: Kottawa; L10: Kanneliya; L11: Piduruthalagala; L12: Uda Peradeniya; L13: Gannoruwa; L14: Udawattakele. Morphological measurements abbreviations are explained in Sup. Fig.1.

Results:

Suppl. Table 3: Proportion of variance explained by PC axes in principal component analysis for the data subsets of lineages (derived from shape and size data). Values of axes reflecting the 95% of explained cumulative variation are highlighted in bold.

Suppl. Table 4: Euclidean distances between species (mean/median/maximum) for shape and size partitioned by forest types and lineages (all Pleurosticts, Sericini only, and Pleurosticts excluding Sericini (*)). WL: Wet lowland; DL: Dry lowland; SM: Sub-montane; MO: Montane.

Suppl. Table 5: Euclidean distances between species mean/median/maximum) for shape and size partitioned by elevational zones and lineages (all Pleurosticts, Sericini only, and Pleurosticts excluding Sericini (*)). EZ1: 0-500m. EZ2: 501-1000m. EZ3: 1001-1500m. EZ4: 1501-2000m. EZ5: 2001-2500m.

Suppl. Table 6: Euclidean distances between species (mean/median/maximum) for shape and size partitioned by localities (L1-14), and lineages (all Pleurosticts, Sericini only, and Pleurosticts excluding Sericini (*)).

Suppl. Table 7: Pairwise p-values from non-parametric MANOVA on PCA scores partitioned for shape and size forest types and lineages (all Pleurosticts, Sericini only, and Pleurosticts excluding Sericini (*)). Significant correlations (p value <0.05) are shown in bold italics. WL: Wet lowland; DL: Dry lowland; SM: Sub-montane; MO: Montane.

Suppl. Table 8: Pairwise p-values from non-parametric MANOVA on PCA scores for shape and size partitioned for elevational zones and lineages (all Pleurosticts, Sericini only, and Pleurosticts excluding Sericini (*)). Significant correlations (p value <0.05) are shown in bold italics. EZ1: 0-500m. EZ2: 501-1000m. EZ3: 1001-1500m. EZ4: 1501-2000m. EZ5: 2001-2500m.

Suppl. Table 9: Pairwise p-values from non-parametric MANOVA on PCA scores partitioned for localities and lineages for shape (all Pleurosticts, Sericini only, and Pleurosticts excluding Sericini (*)). Significant correlations (p value <0.05) are shown in bold italics.

Suppl. Table 10: Pairwise p-values from non-parametric MANOVA on PCA scores partitioned for localities and lineages for size (all Pleurosticts, Sericini only, and Pleurosticts excluding Sericini (*)). Significant correlations (p value <0.05) are shown in bold italics.

Figure S1. Illustration of the measured morphological traits (after Eberle et al., 2014). Schematic drawings of a Sericini beetle, in (A) dorsal, (B) ventral, and (C) lateral aspect. Body: BH - maximal body height, EH - maximal elytra height, EL - maximal elytra length, Eld - maximal diagonal elytra length, Elmb - length from maximal body width to elytral apex, EW - maximal elytra width, Ewb - elytral width at middle of scutellum, PL - maximal pronotum length, PW - maximal pronotum width; Head: ED - maximal eye diameter, HW - maximal head with including eyes, IOD - minimal interocular distance (dorsal view); Legs: MCL - maximal length of metacoxa, MFL - maximal length of metafemur, MFW - maximal width of metafemur, MTL - maximal length of metatibia, MTW - maximal width of metatibia, PFL - maximal length of profemur, PFW - maximal width of profemur, PTL - maximal length of protibia.

Figure S2. Biplots of PC1 and 2 from principal components analysis, illustrating trait contribution to the principal patterns of morphospace (raw measurements). Trait abbreviations are explained in Figure S1.

Figure S3. Patterns of morphospace disparity of all Pleurosticts derived from raw measurements in individual localities. Symbols represent genus or other family-group level, color of symbols single species. Figure S4. Patterns of morphospace disparity of Sericini derived from raw measurements in individual localities. Colored dots represent single species. Locality L12 had no Sericini recorded. Figure S5. Patterns of morphospace disparity (PCA plots of PC1 and PC2) derived from raw measurements of Sericini chafers partitioned for forest types (A), elevation zones (B), localities (C)(enlarged visualization from Fig. 2). Colored dots represent single species, outlines grouping entities grouped by forest types, elevation zone, or locality.