Adjusted least square mean of body mass index, biomarkers of metabolic syndrome by frequency of soup consumption: NHANES 2003–2006.

aData were expressed as the least square mean ± standard error, adjusted for age, gender, race, poverty income ratio, physical activity and energy intake.
bP values for comparisons using non-consumers as the reference group.
cNon-consumers also included those participants whose response was “No” for the previous question “did you eat soups over the past 12 months?”.
dValues were also adjusted for self-reported diabetic status in addition to other covariates.
eTotal cholesterol, HDL cholesterol and C-reactive protein were analyzed in non-fasting samples by NHANES.