Sylvia Beach

Sylvia BeachBookseller and publisher Beach's long collaboration with JJ was among the most important developments of literary modernism. An American, one of three daughters of a Presbyterian minister, Beach's travels with the family to Europe presaged her settling in Paris in 1916. With the help of French bookshop owner Adrienne Monnier, in November 1919 she opened Shakespeare and Company, a lending library and shop devoted to English-language books. She and Monnier maintained a long relationship until the latter's death in 1955. Beach met JJ within days of his arrival in Paris on 8 July 1920; he quickly became a frequent customer. Following the prosecution in February 1921 of The Little Review in New York for including purportedly obscene episodes of Ulysses, Beach agreed to publish the entire Ulysses under the imprint of her shop. Beach negotiated for printing by Maurice Darantiere of Dijon, solicited subscriptions as a form of advance for JJ, arranged for typists of the manuscript, and managed to have the first two copies delivered to Paris on JJ's birthday, 2 February 1922. Giving JJ extraordinary royalties, she oversaw nine printings of Ulysses through 1931, during which time she also published in 1927 JJ's slim poetry collection, Pomes Penyeach, and in 1929 the collection of essays on the nascent Finnegans Wake, Our Examination Round His Factification for Incamination of Work in Progress. JJ exploited Shakespeare and Company as a secretarial office, a post office, and a bank. Yet, despite Beach's support, her relations with JJ soured as his popularity soared. Facing financial difficulties, Beach organized a sale of her manuscripts from JJ and other authors in May 1935. The German occupation of Paris led to Beach's abrupt closing of her shop in December 1941. Continuing as a Paris resident, Beach became a resource for the postwar growth of JJ scholarship. William Brockman西尔维娅·比奇（Sylvia Beach）是一名书商与出版商。比奇与J.J.的长期合作，乃是文学现代主义发展历程中最为重要的成就之一。身为长老会牧师的三名女儿之一的美国人，比奇随家族旅居欧洲的经历，预示了她于1916年定居巴黎。在法国书商阿德里安娜·莫尼耶（Adrienne Monnier）的协助下，她于1919年11月创办了莎士比亚书店（Shakespeare and Company）——一家专营英文书籍的借阅图书馆与实体书店。她与莫尼耶保持了长达数十年的深厚情谊，直至对方于1955年离世。1920年7月8日，J.J.抵达巴黎仅数日，比奇便与其相识；后者很快便成为书店的常客。1921年2月，纽约的《小评论》（The Little Review）因刊载被指带有淫秽内容的《尤利西斯（Ulysses）》章节而遭到起诉，比奇遂同意以书店的出版品牌出版完整的《尤利西斯》。比奇接洽了第戎的莫里斯·达朗泰尔（Maurice Darantiere）负责印刷，以订阅的方式为J.J.募集预付稿酬，安排誊录手稿的打字员，并最终在1922年2月2日——J.J.的生日当天，将首批两本样书运抵巴黎。她为J.J.提供了优厚的版税，并在1931年前主导了《尤利西斯》的九次印刷。在此期间，她还于1927年出版了J.J.的短篇诗集《坚果集（Pomes Penyeach）》，并于1929年推出了针对尚在雏形阶段的《芬尼根的守灵夜（Finnegans Wake）》的评论集《我们围绕其对<创作中作品>（Work in Progress）的加工阐释所做的考察》（Our Examination Round His Factification for Incamination of Work in Progress）。J.J.甚至将莎士比亚书店用作秘书办公室、邮局与银行。然而，即便比奇始终倾力支持，随着J.J.的声望与日俱增，二人的关系却逐渐恶化。1935年5月，因陷入财务困境，比奇拍卖了包括J.J.在内的多位作家的手稿。1941年12月，德军占领巴黎，比奇被迫仓促关闭书店。此后比奇仍定居巴黎，并为战后乔伊斯学术研究的蓬勃发展提供了重要的资源。威廉·布罗克曼（William Brockman）