Enterprise Survey 2009 - Micronesia

Abstract
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This research is an Indicator Survey conducted in Federated States of Micronesia from May 14 to Aug. 24, 2009, as part of the Enterprise Survey initiative. An Indicator Survey, which is similar to an Enterprise Survey, is implemented for smaller economies where the sampling strategies inherent in an Enterprise Survey are often not applicable due to the limited universe of firms.

The objective of the survey is to obtain feedback from enterprises on the state of the private sector as well as to help in building a panel of enterprise data that will make it possible to track changes in the business environment over time, thus allowing, for example, impact assessments of reforms. Through interviews with firms in the manufacturing and services sectors, the survey assesses the constraints to private sector growth and creates statistically significant business environment indicators that are comparable across countries.

Questionnaire topics include firm characteristics, gender participation, access to finance, annual sales, costs of inputs/labor, workforce composition, bribery, licensing, infrastructure, trade, crime, competition, land and permits, taxation, business-government relations, and performance measures.

Geographic coverage
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National

Analysis unit
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The primary sampling unit of the study is the establishment. An establishment is a physical location where business is carried out and where industrial operations take place or services are provided. A firm may be composed of one or more establishments. For example, a brewery may have several bottling plants and several establishments for distribution. For the purposes of this survey an establishment must make its own financial decisions and have its own financial statements separate from those of the firm. An establishment must also have its own management and control over its payroll.

Universe
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The whole population, or the universe, covered in the Enterprise Surveys is the non-agricultural economy. It comprises: all manufacturing sectors according to the ISIC Revision 3.1 group classification (group D), construction sector (group F), services sector (groups G and H), and transport, storage, and communications sector (group I). Note that this population definition excludes the following sectors: financial intermediation (group J), real estate and renting activities (group K, except sub-sector 72, IT, which was added to the population under study), and all public or utilities sectors.

Kind of data
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Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure
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The sample for Federated States of Micronesia was selected using stratified random sampling. Two levels of stratification were used in this country: industry and establishment size.

Industry stratification was designed in the way that follows: the universe was stratified into 23 manufacturing industries, and one services sector.

Size stratification was defined following the standardized definition for the rollout: small (5 to 19 employees), medium (20 to 99 employees), and large (more than 99 employees). For stratification purposes, the number of employees was defined on the basis of reported permanent full-time workers. This seems to be an appropriate definition of the labor force since seasonal/casual/part-time employment is not a common practice, except in the sectors of construction and agriculture.

Regional stratification did not take place as only the island of Pohnpei, containing the capital city of Palikir and the commercial center of Kolonia. Of the 4 islands that make up the FSM (Yap, Pohnpei, Kosrae and Chuck), Pohnpei rates second to Chuck for the largest population, represents approximately 32% of the FSM total population (FSM Division of Statistics, Population Estimates 2008), and employs 46% of the formal workforce (FSM Statistical Yearbook 2008).

Due to limited data sources available in the FSM on registered businesses, the final sample frame was constucted from 2008 Registrars at the Social Securities Office data, the 2008 Foreign Investment Report produced by the Department of Natural Resources and Development, and 2008 Business Yellow Pages. The combined sample frame was then reviewed, and establishments with ineligible characteristics (industry sector, number of employees, geographic location) were removed from the list. The modified sample frame was used to select the sample of establishments for the full survey. This database contained the following information:
-Name of the firm
-Contact details
-Location
-ISIC code.

Given the impact that non-eligible units included in the sample universe may have on the results, adjustments may be needed when computing the appropriate weights for individual observations. The percentage of confirmed non-eligible units as a proportion of the total number of sampled establishments contacted for the survey was 46% (87 out of 188 establishments). Breaking down by industry, the following numbers of establishments were surveyed: manufacturing - 5, services - 63.

Mode of data collection
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Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument
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The current survey instruments are available:
- Services Questionnaire
- Manufacturing Questionnaire
- Screener Questionnaire

The Services Questionnaire is administered to the establishments in the services sector. The Manufacturing Questionnaire is built upon the Services Questionnaire and adds specific questions relevant to manufacturing.

The standard Enterprise Survey topics include firm characteristics, gender participation, access to finance, annual sales, costs of inputs/labor, workforce composition, bribery, licensing, infrastructure, trade, crime, competition, capacity utilization, land and permits, taxation, informality, business-government relations, innovation and technology, and performance measures. Over 90% of the questions objectively ascertain characteristics of a country’s business environment. The remaining questions assess the survey respondents’ opinions on what are the obstacles to firm growth and performance.

Cleaning operations
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Data entry and quality controls are implemented by the contractor and data is delivered to the World Bank in batches (typically 10%, 50% and 100%). These data deliveries are checked for logical consistency, out of range values, skip patterns, and duplicate entries. Problems are flagged by the World Bank and corrected by the implementing contractor through data checks, callbacks, and revisiting establishments.

Response rate
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Complete information regarding the sampling methodology, sample frame, weights, response rates, and implementation can be found in "Description of
Federated States of Micronesia Implementation 2009" in "Technical Documents" folder.

摘要
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本研究是一项在密克罗尼西亚联邦于2009年5月14日至8月24日进行的指标调查，作为企业调查倡议的一部分。指标调查与企业调查类似，但在企业数量有限的小型经济体中实施，因为企业调查固有的抽样策略往往不适用，这是由于企业总体有限所致。
调查的目的是收集企业对私营部门状况的反馈，并有助于构建企业数据面板，以便能够追踪商业环境随时间的变化，从而允许，例如，对改革的影响进行评估。通过访谈制造业和服务业的企业，该调查评估了私营部门增长的限制，并创建了具有统计学意义的、可以跨国家进行比较的商业环境指标。
问卷主题包括企业特征、性别参与、融资渠道、年销售额、投入/劳动力成本、劳动力构成、贿赂、许可、基础设施、贸易、犯罪、竞争、土地和许可、税收、商业与政府关系以及绩效指标。
地理覆盖范围
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全国
分析单元
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研究的主要抽样单元是法人实体。法人实体是进行商业活动、工业操作或提供服务的地方。一家企业可能由一个或多个法人实体组成。例如，一家啤酒厂可能有几个灌装厂和几个分销法人实体。在本调查中，法人实体必须能够做出自己的财务决策，并拥有与企业的财务报表分开的财务报表。法人实体还必须拥有自己的管理和对其工资单的控制。
总体
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企业调查涵盖的总体，即总体，是非农业经济。它包括：根据ISIC修订版3.1分组分类的所有制造业部门（组D）、建筑部门（组F）、服务业部门（组G和H）以及运输、仓储和通信部门（组I）。请注意，此人口定义不包括以下部门：金融中介（组J）、房地产和租赁活动（组K，除子部门72，IT外，该子部门已纳入研究总体），以及所有公共或公用事业部门。
数据类型
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样本调查数据 [ssd]
抽样程序
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密克罗尼西亚联邦的样本使用分层随机抽样选择。在该国使用了两个分层级别：行业和法人实体规模。
行业分层的设计如下：总体被分层为23个制造业行业和一个服务业部门。
规模分层根据以下标准定义：小型（5至19名员工）、中型（20至99名员工）和大型（超过99名员工）。为了分层的目的，员工人数是以报告的永久全职员工数量为基础定义的。这似乎是对劳动力的一种适当定义，因为季节性/临时/兼职就业在建筑和农业部门之外并不常见。
区域分层没有实施，因为只有波纳佩岛，包含首府帕利基尔和商业中心科洛尼亚。波纳佩岛是构成密克罗尼西亚联邦的4个岛屿（亚普、波纳佩、科塞和查克）中人口第二多的岛屿，占密克罗尼西亚联邦总人口的约32%（密克罗尼西亚联邦统计局，人口估计2008年），并雇佣了正式劳动力的46%（密克罗尼西亚联邦统计年鉴2008年）。
由于密克罗尼西亚联邦可用的注册企业数据来源有限，最终样本框架是从2008年社会保险办公室的注册登记数据、自然资源和发展部编制的2008年外国投资报告以及2008年商业黄页中构建的。然后审查了合并的样本框架，并从名单中删除了具有不合格特征（行业部门、员工人数、地理位置）的法人实体。修改后的样本框架用于选择完整调查的法人实体样本。该数据库包含以下信息：
-公司名称
-联系详情
-位置
-ISIC代码。
由于样本总体中包含的不合格单位可能对结果产生影响，在计算个体观察值的适当权重时可能需要进行调整。在调查中联系到的调查样本总体中不合格单位的百分比占46%（87个法人实体中的87个）。按行业划分，以下数量的法人实体接受了调查：制造业-5，服务业-63。
数据收集方式
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面对面 [f2f]
研究工具
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当前调查工具如下：
-服务业问卷
-制造业问卷
-筛选问卷
服务业问卷用于服务业法人实体。制造业问卷基于服务业问卷，并增加了与制造业相关的特定问题。
标准企业调查主题包括企业特征、性别参与、融资渠道、年销售额、投入/劳动力成本、劳动力构成、贿赂、许可、基础设施、贸易、犯罪、竞争、产能利用率、土地和许可、税收、非正规性、商业与政府关系、创新和技术以及绩效指标。超过90%的问题客观地确定了国家商业环境的特征。剩余的问题评估了调查受访者对公司增长和绩效障碍的看法。
数据清理操作
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数据录入和质量控制由承包商实施，数据以批量（通常是10%、50%和100%）的形式交付给世界银行。这些数据交付被检查逻辑一致性、超出范围值、跳过模式和重复条目。问题由世界银行标记并由实施承包商通过数据检查、回电和重返法人实体进行纠正。
回应率
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有关抽样方法、样本框架、权重、回应率和实施的完整信息，可在“技术文件”文件夹中的“密克罗尼西亚联邦实施描述2009”中找到。