Riksmaten children 2003

A national food survey was carried out during 2003 on children 4 year old and school children in grade 2 and in grade 5. The method was an open and estimated food diary over four consecutive days. All days were evenly represented in the survey. The food diary was filled in by the children or with the help of parents or carer. Portion sizes and amounts of all food and drink eaten by the children were estimated with the help of a picture book. It was also noted when and where food was eaten as well as the fat content, mode of preparation, certain additives and brand name. Intake of supplements and level of physical activity was also recorded. In addition, an optically readable questionnaire contained questions about weight, height, parents’ education and profession, ethnic background and regional residence. Children 4 year old were randomly sampled from a stratified sample of municipalities representative of Sweden. School children were sampled on the basis of school classes. The survey took place during spring and autumn 2003. The sample size of children 4 year old was 924 of which 590 fulfilled the survey. 1 209 children in grade 2 were sampled of which 889 fulfilled the survey and 1 290 children in grade 5 were sampled of which 1 016 fulfilled the survey. Children 4 year old dropped out due to time constraints or that day-care institutions did not want to participate. School children dropped out because it was too difficult, they forgot or did not have time. Purpose: The main purpose was to increase the knowledge about what children in the studied ages are eating and drinking, examine meal patterns, energy and nutrient intake, and also identify possible associations between eating habits and background factors.2003年，一项针对4岁儿童以及小学二年级、五年级在校学生的全国性膳食调查顺利开展。本次调研采用连续四天开放式估算膳食日记法，所有调查日均均匀分布于整个研究周期。膳食日记由儿童自行填写，或在家长、照料者的协助下完成。研究人员借助图片手册，可估算儿童摄入的所有食物与饮品的分量及数量，同时记录进食的时间与地点、食物的脂肪含量、制备方式、特定添加剂及品牌名称。此外，调研还记录了儿童的补充剂摄入情况与身体活动水平。 另有一份光学可读问卷，涵盖体重、身高、父母学历与职业、种族背景以及居住地域等相关问题。 4岁儿童样本从具有瑞典全国代表性的分层抽样市镇中随机选取，在校学生则以班级为抽样单位。本次调查于2003年春季与秋季进行。其中4岁儿童初始样本量为924名，最终完成调查者共590名；二年级学生初始抽样1209名，完成调查者889名；五年级学生初始抽样1290名，完成调查者1016名。4岁儿童失访的原因包括调研时间限制，以及日托机构不愿参与；在校学生失访则多因问卷难度过高、遗忘填写或缺乏足够时间。 研究目的：本次调查的核心目标在于深化对目标年龄段儿童饮食与饮品摄入现状的认知，分析其膳食模式、能量及营养素摄入情况，并探究饮食习惯与个体背景因素间的潜在关联。