Form-function relationships within species are uncoupled from those across species in swimming and jumping performance in arboreal frogs

Variation of form-function relationships within populations is the substrate for adaptation at higher levels. Therefore, assessing similarity in form-function relationships within and between species may help reveal the processes shaping functional diversity. Here we test such similarity across three levels of anuran phenotypic divergence: within a population, among species in a single family (Hylidae; ~60 myr), and across a much broader sample of all anuran species using a single microhabitat (arboreal; ~120 myr). We expected less interspecific divergence to show higher similarity of form-function relationships with the intraspecific level. We analyzed the relationships between locomotor performance (in both swimming and jumping) and several hindlimb traits across these three evolutionary levels. While we found a positive correlation between swimming and jumping velocity at both intra- and interspecific levels, relationships between performance and body form did not match across levels..., Specimens and species
We collected 40 individuals of Hyla cinerea (eight females and 32 males) at Red Slough Wildlife Management Area (Oklahoma, USA) on June 24, 2023. Hyla cinerea is a hylid frog generally found during the breeding season on emergent vegetation in large, still water bodies (Dodd, 2023).  Males were identified by the presence of nuptial pads and a distended throat sac, whereas females lacked these features; sex was verified by internal inspection of the gonads after we completed all work with live animals. This research was conducted under Oklahoma State University IACUC protocol 20-09 and Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation scientific collecting permit W2302.
The additional interspecific data from 38 arboreal and four semi-arboreal species (n = 177; 1–8 individuals per species) were obtained from previously published data (Moen et al., 2013, 2021a, b). These species have a common ancestor estimated at 114.9 million years old, and they belong to five diffe..., , # Data from: Form-function relationships within species are uncoupled from those across species in swimming and jumping performance in arboreal frogs

[https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.sf7m0cghx](https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.sf7m0cghx)

## Description of the data and file structure

We measured all Hyla cinerea individuals for jumping and swimming performance, for hindlimb morphology (including muscle mass) and foot area.

We used previously collected data on jumping and swimming performance, hindlimb morphology and foot area of 42 species of arboreal frogs (Moen et al. 2013, Moen et al. 2021).
### Files and variables

#### File: arboreal\_all.csv

**Description:** Data set with all individuals of all arboreal frog species analyzed.

##### Variables

* ID: individual identifier as a collected specimen (DSM series; character variable).
* species: name of species according to AmphibiaWeb as 20204 (character variable).
* family: taxonomic classification at the family level (character variabl...,