INDEPTH Study on Global Ageing and Adult Health 2007 - Ghana

Abstract
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Purpose:
The multi-country Study on Global Ageing and Adult Health (SAGE) is run by the World Health Organization's Multi-Country Studies unit in the Innovation, Information, Evidence and Research Cluster. SAGE is part of the unit's Longitudinal Study Programme which is compiling longitudinal data on the health and well-being of adult populations, and the ageing process, through primary data collection and secondary data analysis. INDEPTH SAGE Wave 1 (2006/7) provides data on the health and well-being of adults in: Ghana, India and South Africa.

Objectives:
To obtain reliable, valid and comparable health, health-related and well-being data over a range of key domains for adult and older adult populations in nationally representative samples
To examine patterns and dynamics of age-related changes in health and well-being using longitudinal follow-up of a cohort as they age, and to investigate socio-economic consequences of these health changes
To supplement and cross-validate self-reported measures of health and the anchoring vignette approach to improving comparability of self-reported measures, through measured performance tests for selected health domains
To collect health examination and biomarker data that improves reliability of morbidity and risk factor data and to objectively monitor the effect of interventions

Additional Objectives:
To generate large cohorts of older adult populations and comparison cohorts of younger populations for following-up intermediate outcomes, monitoring trends, examining transitions and life events, and addressing relationships between determinants and health, well-being and health-related outcomes
To develop a mechanism to link survey data to demographic surveillance site data
To build linkages with other national and multi-country ageing studies
To improve the methodologies to enhance the reliability and validity of health outcomes and determinants data
To provide a public-access information base to engage all stakeholders, including national policy makers and health systems planners, in planning and decision-making processes about the health and well-being of older adults

Methods:
INDEPTH SAGE's first full round of data collection included persons aged 50 years and older in the health and demographic surveillance sites. All persons aged 50+ years (for example, spouses and siblings) were invited to participate. Standardized SAGE survey instruments were used in all countries consisting of two main parts: 1) household questionnaire; 2) individual questionnaire. The procedures for including country-specific adaptations to the standardized questionnaire and translations into local languages from English follow those developed by and used for the World Health Survey.

Content:
- Household questionnaire
0000 Coversheet
0100 Sampling Information
0200 Geocoding and GPS Information
0300 Recontact Information
0350 Contact Record
0400 Household Roster
0450 Kish Tables and Household Consent
0500 Housing
0600 Household and Family Support Networks and Transfers
0700 Assets and Household Income
0800 Household Expenditures
0900 Interviewer Observations

- Individual questionnaire
1000 Socio-Demographic Characteristics
1500 Work History and Benefits
2000 Health State Descriptions and Vignettes
2500 Anthropometrics, Performance Tests and Biomarkers
3000 Risk Factors and Preventive Health Behaviours
4000 Chronic Conditions and Health Services Coverage
5000 Health Care Utilization
6000 Social Cohesion
7000 Subjective Well-Being and Quality of Life (WHOQoL-8 and Day Reconstruction Method)
8000 Impact of Caregiving
9000 Interviewer Assessment

Geographic coverage
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Kassena-Nankana District of the Upper East region of Ghana.

Analysis unit
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households and individuals

Universe
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Navrongo Health and Demographic Surveillance Site fifty plus population

Kind of data
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Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure
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Single random sample of individuals 50+ years. Sampling frame obtained from demographic surveillance database. No replacement of individuals not met, not found or for refusals.

Mode of data collection
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Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument
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The questionnaires were based on the WHS Model Questionnaire with some modification and many new additions. A household questionnaire was administered to all households eligible for the study. An Individual questionnaire was administered to eligible respondents identified from the household roster. The questionnaires were developed in English and were piloted as part of the SAGE pretest. All documents were translated into XX. All INDEPTH SAGE generic questionnaires are available as external resources.

Cleaning operations
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Data editing took place at a number of stages including:
(1) office editing and coding
(2) during data entry
(3) structural checking of the CSPro files
(4) range and consistency secondary edits in Stata

Response rate
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A total of 900 were sampled. 593 successful respondents in data set. Response rate (593/900) is 65.9%

{'Abstract': '摘要', 'Purpose': '目的', 'The multi-country Study on Global Ageing and Adult Health (SAGE)': '全球老龄化和成年人健康多国研究（SAGE）', "World Health Organization's Multi-Country Studies unit": '世界卫生组织多国研究单位', 'Innovation, Information, Evidence and Research Cluster': '创新、信息、证据和研究集群', 'SAGE': 'SAGE', 'Longitudinal Study Programme': '纵向研究计划', 'primary data collection and secondary data analysis': '原始数据收集和次级数据分析', 'INDEPTH SAGE Wave 1 (2006/7)': 'INDEPTH SAGE 第一波（2006/7）', 'Ghana, India and South Africa': '加纳、印度和南非', 'Objectives': '目标', 'To obtain reliable, valid and comparable health, health-related and well-being data': '获取可靠、有效且可比的健康、与健康相关以及福祉数据', 'over a range of key domains for adult and older adult populations': '针对成年人和老年人群体在多个关键领域', 'nationally representative samples': '国家代表性样本', 'To examine patterns and dynamics of age-related changes in health and well-being': '检验与健康和福祉相关的年龄变化模式和动态', 'using longitudinal follow-up of a cohort as they age': '通过追踪队列随年龄增长的变化', 'to investigate socio-economic consequences of these health changes': '研究这些健康变化的社会经济后果', 'To supplement and cross-validate self-reported measures of health': '补充和交叉验证自我报告的健康指标', 'through measured performance tests for selected health domains': '通过所选健康领域的测量表现测试', 'To collect health examination and biomarker data': '收集健康检查和生物标志物数据', 'that improves reliability of morbidity and risk factor data': '提高疾病和风险因素数据的可靠性', 'and to objectively monitor the effect of interventions': '以及客观监测干预措施的效果', 'Additional Objectives': '附加目标', 'To generate large cohorts of older adult populations': '生成大量老年人群体的大型队列', 'and comparison cohorts of younger populations': '以及年轻人群体的比较队列', 'for following-up intermediate outcomes': '用于追踪中间结果', 'monitoring trends': '监测趋势', 'examining transitions and life events': '考察过渡和生命事件', 'and addressing relationships between determinants and health': '以及处理决定因素与健康之间的关系', 'well-being and health-related outcomes': '福祉和与健康相关的结果', 'To develop a mechanism to link survey data to demographic surveillance site data': '开发一种机制，将调查数据与人口监测站点数据联系起来', 'To build linkages with other national and multi-country ageing studies': '建立与其他国家和多国老龄化研究的联系', 'To improve the methodologies to enhance the reliability and validity of health outcomes and determinants data': '改进方法以提高健康结果和决定因素数据的可靠性和有效性', 'To provide a public-access information base': '提供公共访问的信息库', 'to engage all stakeholders': '以吸引所有利益相关者', 'including national policy makers and health systems planners': '包括国家政策制定者和卫生系统规划者', 'in planning and decision-making processes': '在规划和决策过程中', 'about the health and well-being of older adults': '关于老年人的健康和福祉', 'Methods': '方法', "INDEPTH SAGE's first full round of data collection": 'INDEPTH SAGE 的第一次全面数据收集', 'persons aged 50 years and older': '50岁及以上的个人', 'health and demographic surveillance sites': '健康和人口监测站点', 'Standardized SAGE survey instruments': '标准化的 SAGE 调查工具', 'household questionnaire': '家庭问卷', 'individual questionnaire': '个人问卷', 'World Health Survey': '世界卫生调查', 'Content': '内容', 'Geographic coverage': '地理覆盖范围', 'Kassena-Nankana District of the Upper East region of Ghana': '加纳东北部地区的卡塞纳-南坎纳区', 'Analysis unit': '分析单位', 'households and individuals': '家庭和个人', 'Universe': '总体', 'Navrongo Health and Demographic Surveillance Site fifty plus population': '纳夫罗戈健康和人口监测站点50岁以上人口', 'Kind of data': '数据类型', 'Sample survey data [ssd]': '样本调查数据[ssd]', 'Sampling procedure': '抽样程序', 'Single random sample of individuals 50+ years': '50岁及以上的单个随机样本', 'Sampling frame obtained from demographic surveillance database': '抽样框架从人口监测数据库中获得', 'No replacement of individuals not met, not found or for refusals': '对于未遇到、未找到或拒绝的个人不进行替换', 'Mode of data collection': '数据收集方式', 'Face-to-face [f2f]': '面对面[f2f]', 'Research instrument': '研究工具', 'The questionnaires were based on the WHS Model Questionnaire with some modification and many new additions': '问卷基于 WHS 模型问卷，经过一些修改并增加了许多新内容', 'A household questionnaire was administered to all households eligible for the study': '向所有符合研究条件的家庭发放家庭问卷', 'An Individual questionnaire was administered to eligible respondents identified from the household roster': '向从家庭名单中确定的合格受访者发放个人问卷', 'The questionnaires were developed in English and were piloted as part of the SAGE pretest': '问卷是用英语开发的，并在 SAGE 预测试中进行了试点', 'All documents were translated into XX': '所有文件都翻译成了XX', 'All INDEPTH SAGE generic questionnaires are available as external resources': '所有 INDEPTH SAGE 通用问卷均可作为外部资源获得', 'Cleaning operations': '清理操作', 'Data editing took place at a number of stages including': '数据编辑发生在多个阶段，包括', '(1) office editing and coding': '(1) 办公室编辑和编码', '(2) during data entry': '(2) 数据录入期间', '(3) structural checking of the CSPro files': '(3) 检查 CSPro 文件的结构', '(4) range and consistency secondary edits in Stata': '(4) 在 Stata 中进行范围和一致性次级编辑', 'Response rate': '响应率', 'A total of 900 were sampled. 593 successful respondents in data set. Response rate (593/900) is 65.9%': '总共抽样900人。数据集中有593名成功受访者。响应率（593/900）为65.9%'}