Surface water supply allocation, crop, and disadvantaged community data for the San Joaquin Valley, CA, 2016

# San Joaquin Valley Surface Water Supply and Crop Data [https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.3xsj3txnw](https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.3xsj3txnw) This data package includes documentation and tables associated with the "The paradox of production: surface water supply ensures productivity but not prosperity in California’s San Joaquin Valley" by Espinoza and Viers. The dataset includes four tables and field definitions. Full methodology and interpretation of the data is supplied in the associated paper. The tables support exploration of: * access to surface water based on irrigation districts' water rights priority dates * groundwater dependence of irrigation districts * water access for disadvantaged communities within and outside of irrigation districts ## Description of the data and file structure This dataset includes both a single Microsoft Excel file and CSV files with the same data as well as a PDF listing data sources. The Excel file has five tables, labeled for their numbers in the supplementary material for the related paper: * **Table 3**: Irrigation District DAC (ID-DAC) and groundwater dependent communities (GDC) list and statistics * **Table 7**: Irrigation districts and their associated variables including group/cluster assignment (Columns= variables and rows = Irrigation Districts) * **Table 8**: Surface water allocation amounts for irrigation districts included in this analysis and value sources * **Table 9**: Land IQ crop types for the year 2016 categorized into annual, perennial, and irrigated forage categories * **Table 10**: Table of crop revenue per crop type used for each county; revenue values obtained from each county crop report (2016) Where the value `NA` appears in the data tables, it means `Not Available`. ## Data Sources A full list of data sources is included in the files in this repository as *EspinozaViers_Table1_DataSources.pdf* ## Abbreviations used in field definitions * ACS: American Communities Survey * CVP: Central Valley Project * DAC: Disadvantaged Community * DWR: Department of Water Resources * eWRIMS: Electronic Water Rights Information Management System * GSP: Groundwater Sustainability Plan * ID: Irrigation Districts * LAFCO: Local Agency Formation Commission * SSJID: South San Joaquin Irrigation District * SWP: State Water Project * SWRCB: State Water Resources Control Board * USBR: United States Bureau of Reclamation ## Field Definitions | **Variable** | **Acronym** | **Unit** | **Description** | | ------------------------------------------------------------ | ---------------------- | ----------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | **Irrigation District Traits** | | | | | Irrigation District Unique Identification | UID | NA | Unique identification created for each irrigation district (ID) | | Irrigation District Short Name | IDShortName | NA | Shortened version of the ID name | | Formation | Formation | Year | Sourced from ID websites, Agricultural Water Management Plans (AWMPs), Groundwater Sustainability Plans (GSPs) | | Age\* | Age | Years (Yrs.) | Deduced from 'Formation' year (2021 – Year Formed) | | Formation Era | Era | Year Range | There are four formation eras reflective of major water management events in California: 1887-1913, 1914-1968, 1969-2000, 2001-2020 based on [Hanak et al, 2011](https://www.ppic.org/publication/managing-californias-water-from-conflict-to-reconciliation/) | | Era Name | EraLabel | Name | Era names are as following in chronological order based on Formation Era description: Era of Local Organization, Hydraulic Era, Era of Conflict, Era of Reconciliation based on [Hanak et al, 2011](https://www.ppic.org/publication/managing-californias-water-from-conflict-to-reconciliation/) | | Service Area | ServArea\_Ha | Hectares (Ha) | Based off the LAFCO irrigation district boundaries; calculate the area in ArcGIS in Acres and Hectares; validated using ID websites and other resources | | Latitude | LAT | Decimal degrees | y-coordinate of the centroid of ID boundaries; for ID with multiple polygons the polygon with the larger area was selected | | Longitude | LON | Decimal degrees | x-coordinate of the centroid of ID boundaries; for ID with multiple polygons the polygon with the larger areas was selected | | Group Name | GroupName | NA | The group named reflects the irrigation district’s cluster group | | **Surface Water Allocation Variables** | | | | | Surface Water Allocation | SWAlloc | Megaliter (ML) | The amount of 100% surface water allocation in a year (i.e., total surface water rights); Amounts obtained from SWRCB eWRIMS database, USBR contract lists, Agricultural Water Management Plans, and Groundwater Sustainability Plans; sum of all surface water allocation sources (e.g., CVP, SWP, other) | | Normalized Surface Water Allocation\* | SWAlloc\_MLHa | Megaliter per Hectare (ML/Ha) | Derived by dividing the surface water allocation by the ID crop area (Ha) | | Pending Surface Water Allocations | PendingSW | ML | The amount of surface water allocation pending approval by the State Water Resource Control Board (SWRCB); data from SWRCB electronic Water Rights Information Management System (eWRIMS) | | Normalized Pending Surface Water Allocations\* | PendingSW\_MLHa | ML/HA | Derived by dividing the pending surface water allocation amounts by irrigation district crop areas (Ha) | | Surface Water Delivery (Average) | SWDelivery | ML | Based on average surface water deliveries from 2001-2015 as reported by (Jezdimirovic *et al.*, 2020b) for available irrigation districts. Banta-Carbona ID and Byron-Bethany ID surface water delivery average from 2008-2019; data from Tracy Subbasin GSP. South San Joaquin ID surface water delivery average from 2005-2019; Data from SSJID 2020 Agricultural Water Management Plan | | Normalized Surface Water Delivery\* | SWDelivery\_MLHa | ML/Ha | Derived from dividing the Surface Water Delivery by the ID crop area | | Central Valley Project Water (CVP) Allocation | TheoCVP | ML | Values obtained from USBR contract water allocation reports, Agricultural Water Management Plans, and Groundwater Sustainability Plans | | Normalized Central Valley Project Water Allocation\* | TheoCVP\_MLHa | ML/Ha | Derived from dividing the CVP allocation by the ID crop area | | State Water Project (SWP) Allocation | TheoSWP | ML | Values obtained from DWR contract water allocation reports, Agricultural Water Management Plans, and Groundwater Sustainability Plans | | Normalized State Water Project Allocation\* | TheoSWP\_MLHa | ML/Ha | Derived from dividing the SWP by the ID crop area | | Difference in Surface Water Allocation vs Delivery\* | DiffThRel\_MLHa | AF/Ha | The difference between surface water allocation and actual average amount of surface water delivered | | Crop Water Requirement | CWR | ML | Deduced from WAFR model ([Booth et al., 2018](https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7w19h3j3)) CWR output on Land IQ 2016 data for San Joaquin Valley applied to Land IQ 2016 land uses; Sum of the CWU of all crops within the IDs; CWR is derived by the evapotranspiration of blue water (surface water/groundwater) divided by the harvested acres within an irrigation district, which results in the depth of water multiplied by the ID crop area | | Normalized Crop Water Requirement\* | NCWR16\_AFHa | ML/Ha | Derived by dividing the CWR for Land IQ 2016 by the ID crop area | | Surface Water Allocation Surplus/Deficit | SWAllocSurDef | ML | Difference between Surface Water Allocation and CWR | | Normalized Surface Water Allocation Surplus/Deficit \* | SWAllocSurDef\_MLHa | ML/Ha | Derived by dividing the surplus/deficit amounts resulting after meeting CWR based on surface water allocation by ID crop area | | Surface Water Delivery Surplus/Deficit | SWDelSurDef | ML | Difference between Surface Water Delivery and CWR | | Normalized Surface Water Delivery Surplus/Deficit \* | SWDelSurDef\_MLHa | ML/Ha | Derived by dividing the surplus/deficit amounts resulting after meeting CWR based on surface water delivery by ID crop area | | **Crop Variables** | | | | | Total Irrigated Crop Area | CropFct | Ha | Obtained from Land IQ 2016 data for crops within IDs; includes Mixed Pasture & Miscellaneous Grasses | | Fraction of Total Irrigated Crop Area\* | CropFct | Fraction | Divided the Total Irrigated Crop Area by the ID Service Area | | Perennial Crop Area | PerennialCropArea | Ha | Obtained from Land IQ 2016 data for crops within IDs; Categorized Land IQ perennial crops as perennial to create this variable | | Fraction of Perennial Crops \* | PerenFct | Fraction | Deduced dividing by ID perennial area by the ID total crop area | | Annual Crop Area | AnnCrpArea | Ha | Obtained from Land IQ 2016 data for crops within IDs; Categorized Land IQ annual crops as annual to create this variable | | Fraction Annual Crop Area\* | AnnualFct | Fraction | Deduced by dividing each ID annual crop area by ID crop area | | Irrigated Forage Crop Area | IrrigPastCropArea | Ha | Obtained from Land IQ 2016 data for crops within IDs; Categorized pasture, Miscellaneous Grain and Hay, Miscellaneous Grasses, and Alfalfa as irrigated forage | | Fraction Irrigated Forage Area\* | IrrigPastFct | Fraction | Deduced by dividing each ID irrigated forage area by ID crop area | | Fraction for Top Crops in the San Joaquin Valley\* | Fct\_\[Crop Name] | Fraction | Obtained the areas for the top crops in the San Joaquin Valley from Land IQ 2016 data for crops within IDs; The top crops in the San Joaquin Valley are Almond, Walnuts, Grapes, Cotton, and Citrus. | | **Crop Economic Variables** | | | | | Total Crop Revenue | TotCropRev | USD | Land IQ 2016 data was used to calculate the sum of acres across all crop types within each ID. County Crop Reports 2016 were used to assign crop revenues to associated crops (for more details on Crop Report values used per crop type see Table 7). The final total crop revenue is the sum of revenue for all crop types per ID | | Normalized Total Crop Revenue \* | TotCropRev\_USDHA | USD/Ha | Derived by dividing the total crop revenue by ID crop area | | Annual Crop Revenue | AnnualRev | USD | Land IQ 2016 data was used to calculate the sum of acres across all crop types within each ID. County Crop Reports 2016 were used to assign crop revenues to associated crops (for more details on Crop Report values used per crop type see Table 7). The final annual crop revenue is the sum revenue for all annual crop types per ID | | Normalized Annual Crop Revenue \* | AnnualRev\_USDHA | USD/Ha | Derived by dividing the annual crop revenue by ID annual crop area | | Perennial Crop Revenue | PerennCropRev | USD | Land IQ 2016 data was used to calculate the sum of acres across all crop types within each ID. County Crop Reports 2016 were used to assign crop revenues to associated crops (for more details on Crop Report values used per crop type see Table 7). The final perennial crop revenue is the sum revenue for all perennial crop types per ID | | Normalized Perennial Crop Revenue \* | PerennRev\_USDHa | USD/Ha | Derived by dividing the perennial crop revenue by ID perennial crop area | | **Disadvantaged Community Variables** | | | | | DAC Name | DACName | NA | Identifier of disadvantaged communities | | Associated Irrigation District or Groundwater Dependent Area | ID\_WA | NA | Derived by joining DAC centroids to irrigation district and groundwater dependent region vector shapefile | | DAC Population (2018) | Pop18 | NA | Derived by joining DAC census place centroids to the CalEnviroScreen vector dataset | | Median Household Income (2018) | MHI18 | USD | Derived by joining DAC census place centroids to the CalEnviroScreen vector dataset | | DAC Severity Status | Status | NA | Derived by joining DAC census place centroids to the CalEnviroScreen vector dataset | | DAC Longitude | Longitude | Decimal degrees | Derived by finding the coordinate of each DAC polygon centroid in ESRI ArcPro software | | DAC Latitude | Latitude | Decimal degrees | Derived by finding the coordinate of each DAC polygon centroid in ESRI ArcPro software | | CalEnviroScreen4.0 Score Percentile | CIScoreP | Percentile | Derived by joining DAC census place centroids to the CalEnviroScreen vector dataset; CalEnviroScreen4.0 states that derived from CalEnviroScreen Score which is the Pollution Score multiplied by Population Characteristics Score; See CalEnviroScreen Data Dictionary for more details [https://oehha.ca.gov/calenviroscreen/report/calenviroscreen-40](https://oehha.ca.gov/calenviroscreen/report/calenviroscreen-40) | | PM2.5 Percentile | pmP | Percentile | Derived by joining DAC census place centroids to the CalEnviroScreen vector dataset; CalEnviroScreen4.0 states that derived from PM2.5 Score which is the annual mean PM2.5 concentrations; See CalEnviroScreen Data Dictionary for more details [https://oehha.ca.gov/calenviroscreen/report/calenviroscreen-40](https://oehha.ca.gov/calenviroscreen/report/calenviroscreen-40) | | Drinking Water Score Percentile | drinkP | Percentile | Derived by joining DAC census place centroids to the CalEnviroScreen vector dataset; CalEnviroScreen 4.0 states that it is the drinking water contaminant index for selected contaminants; See CalEnviroScreen Data Dictionary for more details [https://oehha.ca.gov/calenviroscreen/report/calenviroscreen-40](https://oehha.ca.gov/calenviroscreen/report/calenviroscreen-40) | | Groundwater Threats Score Percentile | gwthreatsP | Percentile | Derived by joining DAC census place centroids to the CalEnviroScreen vector dataset; CalEnviroScreen 4.0 states that it is the percentile of the sum of weighted GeoTracker leaking underground storage tank sites within buffered distances to populated blocks of census tracts; See CalEnviroScreen Data Dictionary for more details [https://oehha.ca.gov/calenviroscreen/report/calenviroscreen-40](https://oehha.ca.gov/calenviroscreen/report/calenviroscreen-40) | | Pollution Score Percentile | PollutionP | Percentile | Derived by joining DAC census place centroids to the CalEnviroScreen vector dataset; CalEnviroScreen states that the Pollution Burden is the average of percentiles from the Pollution Burden indicators (with a half weighting for the Environmental Effects indicators) and the Pollution Burden Score is the Pollution Burden variable scaled with a range of 0-10. (Used to calculate CES 4.0 score) which is used for the pollution burden percentile; See CalEnviroScreen Data Dictionary for more details [https://oehha.ca.gov/calenviroscreen/report/calenviroscreen-40](https://oehha.ca.gov/calenviroscreen/report/calenviroscreen-40) | | Asthma Percentile | asthmaP | Percentile | Derived by joining DAC census place centroids to the CalEnviroScreen vector dataset; is the percentile of the age-adjusted rate of emergency department visits for asthma; See CalEnviroScreen Data Dictionary for more details [https://oehha.ca.gov/calenviroscreen/report/calenviroscreen-40](https://oehha.ca.gov/calenviroscreen/report/calenviroscreen-40) | | Poverty Percentile | povP | Percentile | Derived by joining DAC census place centroids to the CalEnviroScreen vector dataset; CalEnviroScreen states that it is the percentile of the percent of the population living below twice the federal poverty level; See CalEnviroScreen Data Dictionary for more details [https://oehha.ca.gov/calenviroscreen/report/calenviroscreen-40](https://oehha.ca.gov/calenviroscreen/report/calenviroscreen-40) | | Hispanic Population Percentage | Hispanic\_pct | Percent | Derived by joining DAC census place centroids to the CalEnviroScreen vector dataset; CalEnviroScreen 4.0 derives this from 2019 ACS population estimates of the percent per census tract of those who identify as Hispanic or Latino | | White Population Percentage | White\_pct | Percent | Derived by joining DAC census place centroids to the CalEnviroScreen vector dataset; CalEnviroScreen 4.0 derives this from 2019 ACS population estimates of the percent per census tract of those who identify as non-Hispanic white | | African American Population Percentage | African\_American\_pct | Percent | Derived by joining DAC census place centroids to the CalEnviroScreen vector dataset; CalEnviroScreen 4.0 derives this from 2019 ACS population estimates of the percent per census tract of those who identify as non-Hispanic African American or black | | Native American Population Percentage | Native\_American\_pct | Percent | Derived by joining DAC census place centroids to the CalEnviroScreen vector dataset; CalEnviroScreen 4.0 derives this from 2019 ACS population estimates of the percent per census tract of those who identify as non-Hispanic Native American | | Asian American Population Percentage | Asian\_American\_pct | Percent | Derived by joining DAC census place centroids to the CalEnviroScreen vector dataset; CalEnviroScreen 4.0 derives this from 2019 ACS population estimates of the percent per census tract of those who identify as non-Hispanic Asian or Pacific Islander | ## Questions and More Information For questions contact Vicky Espinoza ([[e-mail]](mailto:[e-mail])) or Joshua Viers (PI; [[e-mail]](mailto:[e-mail]))