Data from: A map of local adaptation in Arabidopsis thaliana

Local adaptation is critical for species persistence in the face of rapid
environmental change, but its genetic basis is not well understood. We
identified candidate loci for local adaptation in the plant Arabidopsis
thaliana from a genome-wide association study of lifetime fitness in
geographically diverse accessions grown in field experiments in four sites
across the species’ native range. Fitness-associated loci exhibited both
geographic and climatic signatures of local adaptation. High-fitness
alleles were generally distributed closer to the site where they increased
fitness than genomic controls, occupying specific and distinct climate
spaces. Independent loci with different molecular functions contributed
most strongly to fitness variation in each site. Independent local
adaptation by distinct genetic mechanisms may facilitate flexible
evolutionary response to changing environment across a species range.