Epigenetic reprogramming of sperm in F1 adult male mice with intrauterine hyperglycemia exposure

Birth cohort studies and experimental investigations in animals link gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) with impaired cognitive performance in the first filial generation (F1). We found that intrauterine hyperglycemia exposure resulted in behavior abnormality and cognitional functional disorder of both F1- and F2-GDM male mice. Methylome of sperm of F1 adult male mice from control pregnant mice (F1-C) and GDM pregnant mice (F1-GDM) revealed differentially methylated genes enriched in neurodevelopmental process. Examination of sperm DNA methylation modifications (control pregnant mice (F1-C, n=3) and GDM pregnant mice (F1-GDM, n=3)) . Each sample was obtained from different dams.