The impact of sustained malaria control in the Loreto region of Peru: a retrospective, observational, spatially-varying interrupted time series analysis of the PAMAFRO program

The study showed that sustained malaria control led to dramatic reductions in malaria incidence across the region overall, but intervention effects varied both geographically and by Plasmodium species. Interventions exhibited the greatest effectiveness in districts that were surrounded by districts that also received intervention support. Further, results demonstrate that reductions cannot be maintained in the absence of ongoing support. External programmatic funding for malaria control must include an evaluation of the implementation environment prior to withdrawal to avert possible future malaria resurgence.