Developing Alternative Treatments for Young People with Depression: A study of transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS).
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tACS treatment frequency will be determined during an EEG recording (see EEG assessment section below for details on EEG recording equipment). During the EEG recording, the N-back working memory task will be administered to participants to elicit theta oscillations, and the Sternberg working memory task will be administered to elicit alpha oscillations. Stimulation frequency will then be set to each individual’s theta and alpha frequency measurements, depending on the treatment allocated. The current of tACS delivered 48,000 cycles (i.e. 20 mins) with no DC current offset. The current ramps gently over a period of e.g. 5-10 seconds to the desired peak for patient comfort. The stimulator fade in and fade out was specified to 100 cycles at the beginning and end of stimulation. A pair of 5x5cm electrodes placed within saline soaked sponges and a purpose-built battery-driven constant stimulator will deliver the current. The electrodes will be placed over the left pre-frontal cortex on F5 and, over the right pre-frontal cortex on F6, located using the 10-20 EEG position. This electrode montage has been modelled to show a reasonably widespread current flow through fronto-central cortical and frontal subcortical regions.
经颅交流电刺激（transcranial alternating current stimulation, tACS）的治疗频率将在脑电图（electroencephalogram, EEG）记录过程中确定，脑电图记录设备的详细信息详见下文脑电图评估章节。在脑电图记录期间，将向被试施测N-back工作记忆任务以诱发θ节律（theta oscillations），同时施测斯滕伯格工作记忆任务以诱发α节律（alpha oscillations）。随后将根据分配的治疗方案，将刺激频率设置为每位被试实测得到的θ节律与α节律频率。本次tACS输出的电流将持续48000个周期（即20分钟），且无直流偏移。为提升被试的舒适度，电流将在5至10秒内平缓缓升至目标峰值。刺激器的渐入与渐出时长被设置为刺激开始与结束阶段各100个周期。将采用一对安装于生理盐水浸泡海绵中的5cm×5cm电极，搭配定制的电池驱动式恒流刺激器输出电流。电极将依据10-20脑电定位系统（10-20 EEG position）的标注，分别放置于左侧前额皮层的F5位点与右侧前额皮层的F6位点。该电极布局经建模验证，可在额中央皮层及额部皮层下区域形成较为广泛的电流分布。
