Household Income and Expenditure Survey 2003-2004 - Namibia

Abstract
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The Namibia Household Income and Expenditure Survey (NHIES) 2003-2004, internationally known as the Budget Survey, is the second of its kind to have been conducted in independent Namibia after the NHIES 1993-1994. Budget surveys are specialized statistical frameworks for monitoring and evaluation of socioeconomic policy performances on the one hand and on the other instruments for updating statistical infrastructure such as providing the basis for the re-basing of both National Accounts and the Consumer Price Index (CPI). According to the international best practices budget surveys should be undertaken at least once in five years. The purpose for this recommended frequency is to ensure the provision of relevant data timely to policy makers. However, budget surveys are quite costly due to their methodological requirement, which dictate that the data collection phase should cover a full calendar year. The expenditure on NHIES 2003-2004 up to date is in the range of Forty Million Namibian Dollars (N$ 40 million).

The main objectives of the NHIES 2003-2004 include providing data necessary for policy making at different sectors and levels as well as to evaluate and monitor various development programs. Hence the data would be used for the evaluation of the performance of NDP1 in the improvements of the welfare of Namibian people. It could also be used for estimation of benchmark indicators for the monitoring of development initiatives such as Second Development Plan (NDP2), Vision 2030, Poverty Reduction Strategy for Namibia, and National Human Resources Plan. The data will also be used in the National Accounts compilations, updating the basket of goods and services and the weights for the national consumer price index, welfare and poverty studies and nutritional studies.

Geographic coverage
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National

Analysis unit
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- Individuals
- Households

Kind of data
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Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure
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The target population of the NHIES 2003-2004 was the private household population of Namibia; i.e. excluding the institutional and homeless populations.

The sample design for the survey was a stratified two-stage cluster sample where the first stage units were geographical areas designated as PSUs and the second stage units were the households. The first stage units were selected from the sampling frame of PSUs using probability proportional to size sampling coupled with systematic sampling procedure. At the second stage households were selected systematically from a current list of households within the PSU, which was compiled just before survey interviews.

Sample size was determined in order to make reliable estimates at the regional and urban/rural levels within each region. It was also decided to represent both urban and rural strata in every survey round to eliminate seasonal effects. The number of households per PSU was fixed at 20.

The final sample consisted of 10,920 households in 546 PSUs. The selected PSUs were randomly allocated to the 13 survey rounds so that each survey round would constitute a random sample of 42 PSUs and 840 households. A survey round was a period of 4 weeks, during which the households participated in the survey.

Mode of data collection
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Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument
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Two questionnaires (Form 1 and Form 2) were developed for data collection in the survey. Form 1 collected individual information including age, education, marital status, etc. and household information such as type of dwelling, assets, and details on household expenditure and income. Form 2, the Daily Record Book (DRB), was designed for recording, on a daily basis, all households’ transactions during the survey round. Households were instructed to record transactions, item by item, all expenditures and receipts, including incomes and gifts received or given out.

Cleaning operations
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The data capturing process for the NHIES was undertaken in the following ways: Form 1 was scanned, interpreted and verified using the "Scan", "Interpret" & 'Verify" modules of the Eyes & Hands software respectively. Some basic checks were carried out to ensure that each PSU was valid and every household was unique. Invalid characters were removed. The scanned and verified data was converted into text files using the "Transfer" module of the Eyes & Hands. Finally, the data was transferred into a SQL database for further processing, using the "TranScan" application.
The Daily Record Books were manually entered and this was carried out after the scanned data has been transferred to the database. The reason was to ensure that all DRBs were linked to the correct Form 1, i.e. each household's Form 1 was linked to the corresponding Daily Record Books. In total, 10 000 questionnaires (Form 1), comprising around 400 questions each, were scanned and almost one million transactions from the Form 2 (DRBs) were captured.

Response rate
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90%

{'Abstract': '摘要
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纳米比亚家庭收入与支出调查（NHIES）2003-2004，在国际上通称为预算调查，是自1993-1994年NHIES之后，纳米比亚独立后进行的第二次此类调查。预算调查是一种专门统计框架，旨在监测和评估社会经济政策绩效，同时作为更新统计基础设施的工具，例如为国家账户和消费者价格指数（CPI）的重新定基提供基础。根据国际最佳实践，预算调查应至少每五年进行一次。建议的这种频率旨在确保及时向政策制定者提供相关数据。然而，由于方法学要求，预算调查成本较高，规定数据收集阶段应涵盖整个日历年度。截至目前的NHIES 2003-2004支出约为四千万纳米比亚元（N$ 40 million）。

NHIES 2003-2004的主要目标包括提供必要的数据，以支持不同部门和层面的政策制定，以及评估和监控各种发展项目。因此，这些数据将被用于评估国家发展计划1（NDP1）在提高纳米比亚人民福祉方面的绩效。它还可以用于估计第二发展计划（NDP2）、2030年愿景、纳米比亚减贫战略和国家人力资源计划的基准指标。这些数据还将用于国家账户编制、更新商品和服务篮子以及国家消费者价格指数的权重，以及福利和营养研究。

地理覆盖范围
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全国

分析单位
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- 个人
- 家庭

数据类型
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样本调查数据 [ssd]

抽样程序
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NHIES 2003-2004的调查目标人群是纳米比亚的私营家庭人口；即不包括机构和无家可归的人口。

调查的样本设计为分层两阶段聚类样本，第一阶段单位是地理区域，被指定为PSU，第二阶段单位是家庭。第一阶段单位从PSU的抽样框架中，使用与规模成比例的概率抽样配合系统抽样程序进行选择。在第二阶段，从PSU内当前的家庭名单中系统性地选择了家庭，该名单是在调查访谈之前编制的。

样本大小是为了在每个地区内对区域和城市/农村层面的可靠估计而确定的。还决定在每次调查轮次中代表城市和农村层，以消除季节性影响。每个PSU的家庭数量固定为20。

最终样本包括546个PSU中的10,920个家庭。选定的PSU被随机分配到13个调查轮次，以便每个调查轮次都构成42个PSU和840个家庭的随机样本。一个调查轮次是一个为期4周的时期，在此期间，家庭参与调查。

数据收集方式
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面对面 [f2f]

研究工具
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为调查的数据收集开发了两种问卷（表1和表2）。表1收集个人信息，包括年龄、教育、婚姻状况等，以及家庭信息，如住房类型、资产，以及家庭支出和收入的详细信息。表2，每日记录簿（DRB），旨在在调查轮次期间每日记录所有家庭的交易。家庭被指示逐项记录交易，包括所有支出和收入，以及收到的或给予的礼物。

数据清理操作
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NHIES的数据捕获过程以以下方式进行：表1通过使用Eyes & Hands软件的“扫描”、“解释”和“验证”模块分别扫描、解释和验证。进行了一些基本检查，以确保每个PSU都是有效的，每个家庭都是唯一的。无效字符被删除。扫描和验证后的数据使用Eyes & Hands的“传输”模块转换为文本文件。最后，使用“TranScan”应用程序将数据传输到SQL数据库进行进一步处理。

每日记录簿是手动输入的，这是在扫描数据已传输到数据库之后进行的。这样做的原因是为了确保所有DRB都与正确的表1相链接，即每个家庭的表1都与相应的每日记录簿相链接。总共扫描了10,000份问卷（表1），每份约400个问题，并捕获了近一百万来自表2（DRB）的交易。

响应率
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90%'}