Co-composting of the chicken manure and spent mushroom substrate as a rice seedlings growth substrate

Currently, applying Spent mushroom compost (SMC) in rice seedling production is not comprehensive. This study systematically explored the effects of Pleurotus geesteranus SMC on seedling quality and rhizosphere microbial characteristics, including fungal pathogens in rice seedling substrates. Five treatments were established: paddy soil (CK), 20 % SMC (R1), 50 % SMC (R2), 80 % SMC (R3) and 100 % SMC (R4).