Global patterns and drivers of urban biotic homogenization: A meta-analysis

Aim: Urbanization is a major driver of biotic homogenization (BH), reducing biodiversity through species invasions and extinctions. However, the drivers and mechanisms remain poorly understood, and urban ecosystems may also exhibit biotic differentiation (BD). This study uses a meta-analysis to examine BH and BD patterns, underlying processes and key drivers across regions and taxa.
Location: Global.
Time Period: 2004–2023.
Major Taxa Studied: Arthropods, amphibians, birds and plants.
Methods: We conducted a global meta-analysis integrating 110 effect sizes from 45 publications to evaluate urban biotic homogenization within and between cities. We quantified β-diversity and its turnover and nestedness components across urbanization levels. Within cities, we evaluated changes in β-diversity along urban levels, whereas between cities we assessed similarity among urban assemblages. We then examined how environmental, urban, and biotic factors (e.g., climate, impervious cover, non-native ric..., , # Global patterns and drivers of urban biotic homogenization: A meta-analysis

Dataset DOI: [10.5061/dryad.0p2ngf2c7](10.5061/dryad.0p2ngf2c7)

## Description of the data and file structure

This dataset accompanies the manuscript on **urban biotic homogenization (UBH)**. It compiles standardized effect sizes and β-diversity partitioning results across taxa, regions, and urbanization gradients. Data were extracted from published studies (2004–2023) following systematic inclusion criteria.

The dataset consists of five `.csv` files:

1. **UBH_Total_Sorensen**,
2. **UBH_Turnover_Sorensen**,
3. **UBH_Nestedness_Sorensen**,
4. **Beta_diversity_partitioning**, and
5. **Appendix_S2_Standardization**.

Additionally, we provide the **R script used to perform all analyses reported in the original publication**, allowing full reproducibility of the results.  

### Files and variables

## File: UBH-Total_Sorensen.csv

**Description:** 

**Content:** Effect sizes and metadata for total Sørensen dis..., ,