Transcriptomic analysis whole blood single innate immune cells for analysis of of Tdap-IPV immune responses

Control of pertussis depends on primary vaccination of infants in combination with booster vaccination of children, adults, and recently also pregnant women. Tetanus-diptheria-acellular pertussis (Tdap) booster vaccines are frequently given in many countries and can be formulated with inactivated poliovirus (Tdap-IPV). Although Tdap-IPV provides clinical protection, pertussis antibody levels decay shortly after vaccination. This highlights the need for a better understanding of the mechanisms of immunogenicity of aP-containing combination vaccines, which may explain the longevity of the antibody response to vaccination. In order to identify immune signatures that are induced by Tdap-IPV vaccination and which may be associated with humoral responses, we analyzed changes in gene expression. Overall design: Single cell RNA sequencing analysis was performed on innate immune cells isolated from red blood cell-lysed fresh whole blood collected at baseline (Day 0) and one day (Day 1) post-vaccination from children (11-15 years old, n = 7, Netherlands cohort) who received a dose of Tdap-IPV. CD14+ CD16± monocytes, CD14- CD16+ monocytes, myeloid dendritic cells, plasmacytoid dendritic cells, natural killer cells, and neutrophils were single-cell sorted with flow cytometry into 384-well plates for library preparation and sequencing. Samples were processed in two batches.