Summary of the descriptive statistics for the variables used in this study.

Wash width (m) and shrub growth characteristics are interpreted by 200, 000 m2, whereas diversity and herbaceous plants growth are calculated in 4 m2 UAV images. Plant growth characteristics include plant height (m) and crown area (m2). Descriptive statistics include Mean ± SD, maximum and minimum. F, T, and P-value are the results from independent sample t-test for the differences in diversity and plant growth condition between washes and non-washes. Different letters in the vertical direction with related variables indicate the significant differences between washes and non-washes, whereas the same letters show the insignificant difference.