Effects of rutin on in vitro rumen microbial composition and urea utilization in sheep

Rutin, a natural flavonoid compound, is a novel feed additive with potential to modulate rumen nitrogen metabolism. Urea is rapidly hydrolyzed to ammonia by urease in the rumen, and excessive ammonia release not only leads to nitrogen waste but may also adversely affect animal health. This study aimed to investigate the effects of rutin on rumen microbial composition and urea degradation in sheep using in vitro techniques, with the goal of improving urea utilization efficiency.