Supporting figures and tables.

Figure A: Sampling depth of resistance conferring inserts. Figure B: Temporal growth profile of strains Eur3 2.12, Staphylococcus aureus strain MCD01 and Staphylococcus epidermidis strain MCD02 at 5°C. Figure C: Resistance and cross-resistance levels conferred by inserts isolated from the permafrost and the active layer of single core collected from the Canadian high Arctic. Figure D: Phylogenetic distribution of full-length gene products encoding resistance to beta-lactams isolated from the Canadian high Artic active layer soil. Figure E: Phylogenetic distribution of full-length gene products encoding resistance to beta-lactams isolated from the Canadian high Artic permafrost. Figure F: Phylogenetic distribution of full-length gene products encoding resistance to tetracycline isolated from the Canadian high Arctic permafrost. Figure G: Phylogenetic distribution of full-length gene products encoding resistance to tetracycline isolated from the Canadian high Arctic active layer soil. Figure H: Phylogenetic distribution of full-length gene products encoding resistance to aminoglycoside isolated from the Canadian high Arctic permafrost. Figure I: Phylogenetic distribution of full-length gene products encoding resistance to aminoglycoside isolated from the Canadian high Arctic active layer soil. Figure J: Abundance of putative resistance genes and related proteins at the sampling sites and other metagenomes. Table A: List of strains, plasmids and primers used for library construction. Table B: Primers used to identify the permafrost bacteria strain(s) harboring each resistant inserts. Table C: Primers used to identify the active layer bacteria strain(s) harboring each resistant inserts. Table D: List of bacteria strains isolated from the permafrost and associated resistance genes. Table E: List of bacteria strains isolated from active layer and associated resistance genes. Table F: Numbers of antibiotic resistant clones sequenced and unique resistance genes found from a functional analysis of the permafrost and the active layer of the Canadian high Arctic. Table G: Resistance genes identified using metagenomic functional selections from Canadian High Arctic permafrost. Table H: Resistance genes identified using metagenomic functional selections from Canadian High Arctic active layer. Table I: List of environmental microbiomes used for studying the distribution of each resistant insert. Table J: Growth profile of bacterial isolate at different temperatures. Table K: Number of significant BLASTP hits across environmental microbiomes. Table L: Number of significant BLASTP hits across gut microbiomes.
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